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"Garment Industry"
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Environmental Efficiency Evaluation in Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry: Super-SBM Model with Undesirable Output Approach
The purpose of the paper is to estimate the environmental efficiency of the Vietnamese textile and garment industry and evaluate the impact of the factors on environmental efficiency. The study uses firm-level panel data from the Vietnam annual enterprise survey data for the 2012–2018 period in the Vietnam textile and garment industry to evaluate the environmental efficiency by using the Super-SBM DEA model with undesirable output and applies the Tobit regression model to measure the impact of the factors on the environmental efficiency. This study evaluates environmental efficiency and assesses the impact of some core factors, including the origin of imported machinery and equipment, the origin of imported materials, the management of industrial zones, and the presence of FDI firms, on environmental efficiency at the firm level. The results indicate that the average score for environmental efficiency is 0.233. Some factors, such as income per employee, machined goods imported from developed countries, industrial zones, firm improvement processes, and the presence of FDI, have a positive impact on a firm’s environmental efficiency, whereas materials made in Vietnam have a negative impact.
Journal Article
Corporate social responsibility in agro-processing and garment industry: Evidence from Ethiopia
Currently, large industries like agro-processing and garment (Textile and Leather) industries in Ethiopia have interested to implement CSR activities. Hence, this study examined the causal relationship between stakeholders' and CSR implementation in agro-processing and garment industries based on employees' perceptions. After reviewing several works of literature we developed CSR implementation measurements. For analysis of CSR implementation, a total of 891 respondents were taken from agro-processing and garment industries of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Then we applied frequency, percentage, Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model for this data analysis. The empirical result showed that environment, customer, owner/shareholder, community have a significant positive effect on CSR implementation in agro-processing and garment industries. However, it was also confirmed that employees have a negative significant effect on CSR implementation. Consider identified evidence of determinant factors of CSR implementation, managers of agro-processing and garment industries should take actions to improve CSR implementation and to alleviate those problems.
Journal Article
Corporate social responsibility and SMEs in Vietnam: A study in the textile and garment industry
This study explored the influence of factors on the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in companies. The study used a quantitative approach in which a survey was conducted. The final 250 among various respondents in the textile and garment industry were used. The final respondents were top-, middle-, and low-level managers in 250 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The results indicate that competitive context, social influences, the understanding of managers about CSR, and the internal environment of companies are the four drivers of CSR. In the four drivers, competitive context has the strongest impact on adopting CSR. The finding implies that stakeholders' pressure influences SMEs in this industry because of the high expectations from international stakeholders.
Journal Article
Overall performance of steam system used in garment industries in Bangladesh: a case study–based approach
The fabric or garments production activities starting from raw material preparation to the finishing process are energy-intensive. Steam generation and distribution system is part of all the major processes involved here. Therefore, this study aims to assess the overall performance of the steam system used in the textile or garment industry in Bangladesh. The quantity of heat loss through different sources both at steam generation and distribution unit was computed. The amount of in-process heat energy consumption was also determined. Current practices in steam system management were investigated, and opportunity for improvement was addressed. Finally, the genetic algorithm approach was used to optimize the process parameters of steam generation unit thermodynamically. The average efficiency of the steam generation units used in the fifteen studied factories was found 76%. The dyeing and ironing processes were found as the most heat energy–intensive process. Among the sources of heat losses, maximum loss was found occurring through the dry flue gas during steam generation. At distribution unit, most heat is lost through the steam line and in-process distribution. Based on the analysis, daily 694 GJ heat passes away through a steam system resulting in 13 tons and 31 tons of fuel wastage and greenhouse gas emission, respectively. Considering the occurring losses, the remedial measures were focused on excess air and stack temperature control, improvement in boiler operating condition, steam leakage and trap maintenance, insulation enhancement, etc. Moreover, by optimizing the thermodynamic process parameters, it is possible to increase energy efficiency by almost 3.0%.
Journal Article
systems thinking approach for enhancing adaptive capacity in small- and medium-sized enterprises: causal mapping of factors influencing environmental adaptation in Vietnam’s textile and garment industry
This paper aims to develop a conceptual model for enhancing SMEs’ adaptive capacity in response to environmental requirements in Vietnam. We apply a systems thinking approach and suggest that interventions at three levels: personal development, organizational development, and institutional development should be made. Results from 46 interviews with government officials, experts from non-government organizations, and enterprise managers are used for interventions modelling. We conclude that the sector needs to undertake profound changes, including the alteration of visions, missions, goals, and objectives, the changes in organizational culture, the creation of green operations and products, and the institutionalization of environmental initiatives at all levels.
Journal Article
Exploring the Effects of Union-NGO Relationships on Corporate Responsibility: The Case of the Swedish Clean Clothes Campaign
In the current era, governments are playing smaller roles in regulating workers' rights internationally, and transnational corporations (TNCs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in the struggle for workers' rights, and labour/trade unions have started to fill this governance gap. This paper focuses on the least researched of the relationships among these three actors, the union-NGO relationship, by analysing the ways in which it affects definitions of TNC responsibility for workers' rights at their suppliers' factories. Based on a qualitative study of the union-NGO relationship in the Swedish garment industry between 1996 and 2005, we propose that there are six main configurations of union-NGO relationships. By linking these configurations to their effects on TNC responsibility, we propose that co-ordination relationships between unions and NGOs, particularly high-commitment co-ordination relationships, are likely to result in a broadening of the definition of TNC responsibility, while conflictual relationships, both high and low commitment, result in a narrowing of the definition of TNC responsibility. The study indicates that co-operation is generally more beneficial for both unions and NGOs than is any form of conflictual relationship, in terms of broadening the definition of TNC responsibility.
Journal Article
Karakteristike rada i istraživanje radnog opterećenja u odjevnoj industriji
U tehnološkim procesima proizvodnje odjeće često dolazi do opterećenja i zamora radnika zbog rada u nepovoljnom radnom položaju uz ponavljajuće izvođenje radnog zadatka, pri čemu je prisutan visok stupanj motoričke koordinacije tijela, ruku i nogu, prisilni položaji tijela i glave kao posljedica neusklađenosti dimenzija radnog prostora, nepovoljne radne metode te nepovoljnih stanja radne okoline. U radu je dan pregled karakteristika rada u procesima proizvodnje odjeće, uzroka opterećenja radnika kao i posljedice koje nastaju zbog opterećenja te kako djeluju na zdravlje radnika i produktivnost rada. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja opterećenja radnice pri izvođenju tehnološke operacije u realnom proizvodnom procesu korištenjem RULA, REBA i SMART metode. Analizom rezultata utvrđeno je operećenje radnice te su dane smjernice za smanjenje radnog opterećenja. Technological processes in the garment industry cause strain and fatigue as workers assume improper postures to maintain the motor co-ordination of the body, arms and legs, with forced posturing of the body and head. All this is due to the unfavourable work method and poor working environment. The paper presents the characteristics of the work process, the causes of strain and the consequences of the strain on the health and productivity. The results of the study illustrate the strain in the actual work operation using the RULA, REBA and SMART methods. The analyzed results indicate the level of strain and offer guidance on how to reduce the strain.
Journal Article
Prevalence and associated factors of occupational injuries among garment and textile workers: Evidence from the Bangladesh Labour Force Survey 2016–17
Annually, numerous workers face job loss, injuries, and fatalities due to various occupational injuries (OIs). However, less is known regarding the burden of OIs and their associated factors in the textile and garment industries in Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OI and the individual and job-related factors associated with OI among textile and garment workers in Bangladesh. We analyzed cross-sectional data of 13,738 workers collected during 2016–2017 from the nationally representative Bangladesh Labor Force Survey. We employed multiple Firth logistic regression models to explore the different levels of associated factors of OI. The overall prevalence of OI was 1.8%, with a higher prevalence in the textile industry (3.8%) compared to the garment industry (1.2%). Within the textile industry, jute manufacturing exhibited the highest prevalence (12.3%), while in the garment sector, the embroidery and wearing industries had the highest prevalence (1.8%). Adjusted models revealed that, in the textile industry, migrant workers had higher odds of OI (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR = 1.65; p = 0.017) compared to non-migrant workers. In the garment industry, male workers (AOR = 1.95; p = 0.002) and those working over 48 hours per week (AOR = 1.70; p = 0.063) were at greater risk of OI. A hazardous work environment significantly increased the odds of OI in both industries (textile: AOR = 13.06; p < 0.001; and garment: AOR = 3.13; p < 0.001). Additionally, garment workers without adequate protective equipment or cloth while working had a higher likelihood of OI (AOR = 1.90; p = 0.006). Regionally, workers in the Barisal division had higher odds of OI in the textile industry. Although the overall prevalence of OI was low, the disproportionate burden among certain subgroups, especially in jute manufacturing and the manufacture of spooling and thread, highlights critical areas for intervention. Improving workplace safety through the provision of protective equipment and a safer working environment is essential to mitigating OI in the textile and garment industries of Bangladesh.
Journal Article
The outlook for modern slavery in the apparel sector in a post-lockdown economy
Purpose
This paper argues that the closures will cause regressive rather than progressive modern slavery shifts as the necessity of survival prevails over addressing modern slavery risks within supply chains.
Design/methodology/approach
In the spring of 2020, global clothing retailers were advised or ordered to close physical stores due to lockdown measures of the COVID-19 pandemic and many supply chains temporarily halted production. This paper explains how pre-pandemic modern slavery advancements will be detrimentally affected as a result of societal lockdowns and apparel retail closures around the world.
Findings
Two consequences of lockdowns are highlighted, which will have negative implications on modern slavery progress. These are the exploitation of vulnerable people, which includes higher exploitation of those already involved in modern slavery and increased risk of exploitation for those susceptible to being drawn (back) into modern slavery and; the need for repetition of previous work completed by external stakeholders or in some cases, a better alternative.
Practical implications
The pandemic itself causes friction between immediate response solutions and long-term modern slavery goals.
Social implications
In response to modern slavery drivers, governments may need to fill governance gaps, to control the power of corporations and to reconsider migration regulation.
Originality/value
The COVID-19 lockdowns and subsequent supply chain disruptions were unforeseen. This paper argues that there are significant negative effects on the developments in modern slavery eradication made in the past 10 years. As businesses struggled for basic survival, the apparel manufacturing sector has been detrimentally affected as upstream labourers are now at higher risk from the increased likelihood of modern slavery violations.
Journal Article