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The ablation perforation damage of double-sided coated narrow-band filters based on RG-850 colored glass under out-of-band laser irradiation is investigated. A temperature-triggered nonlinear absorption mechanism is identified where substrate absorption sharply increases beyond a critical temperature. To quantify the resulting energy deposition dynamics, the multiple reflection model is employed, revealing the absorption enhancement by partial-transmission/high-reflection coatings. Building on this foundation, a parameter inversion method derives the equivalent average absorption coefficient from dual-transmittance laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) ratios, thereby establishing a LIDT predictive framework for arbitrary transmittance. Finally, finite element analyses (FEA) provide validation for the multiple reflection model and inversion method, demonstrating the coating structure’s role in absorption enhancement and successfully predicting damage thresholds across three transmittance configurations.

The development of “large display, high performance and low cost” in the FPD industry demands glass substrates to be “larger and thinner”. Therefore, the requirements of handling robots are developing in the direction of large scale, high speed, and high precision. This paper presents a novel construction of a glass substrate handling robot, which has a 2.5 m/s travelling speed. It innovatively adopts bionic end-suction technology to grasp the glass substrate more firmly. The structure design is divided into the following three parts: a travel track, a robot body, and an end-effector. The manipulator can be smoothly and rapidly extended by adjusting the transmission ratio of the reducer to 1:2:1, using only one motor to drive two sections of the arm. This robot can transfer two pieces of glass substrate at one time, and improves the working efficiency. The kinematic and dynamic models of the robot are built based on the DH coordinate. Through the positioning accuracy experiment and vibration experiment of the end-effector, it is found that the robot has high precision during handling. The robots developed in this study can be used in large-scale glass substrate handling.

Transition-metal-oxide based perovskites belong to the strongly correlated electron system exhibiting composition dependent metal-insulator transition. Their electronic properties can be tuned by doping them with right material by right amount for application in the diverse areas of material science. This article presents the preparation of crystalline thin films of Fe -doped LaNi 1-x Fe x O 3 ( x  = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) on glass substrate by spin-coating of chemical solutions. Annealing the films at a suitable temperature for optimum time plays a crucial role in obtaining good crystalline samples. We performed structural characterizations of the films using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity of the films was measured by four-probe technique at 30˚ C, 50˚ C, 80˚ C, and 100˚ C. We observed a non-ohmic insulating behaviour for the sample with x  = 0.4 while all the other films with lower doping level showcased linear voltage-current relationship with metallic temperature dependence. Graphical Abstract

Ceria-based abrasives are widely used in precision chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) fields, such as thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) glass substrates and integrated circuits, because of their excellent physicochemical properties. Rare earth carbonates, as precursors of ceria-based abrasives, directly affect the morphology of ceria-based abrasives, which, in turn, affects the material removal rate (MRR) and the surface roughness (Ra) after polishing. Herein, rare earth carbonates with different morphologies were obtained by adjusting reaction parameters during precipitation, including flake, spindle, and spheroid. Moreover, the phase of precursors was analyzed, and the evolution process of morphology from precursors to ceria-based abrasives was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of precursors on the polishing performance of ceria-based abrasives was explored. The results show that the primary particles of ceria-based abrasives are near-spherical, but the morphology and dispersion of the secondary particles are obviously inherited from precursors. Among them, near-spherical ceria-based abrasives prepared by nearly monodisperse near-spherical precursors show better uniformity and higher dispersion, and they not only achieve the lowest Ra but also obtain a higher MRR of 555 nm/min (9 wt.%) for polishing TFT-LCD glass substrates. The result is significant for the further optimization and application of high-performance ceria-based abrasives.

Vertical graphene (VG) nanosheets are directly grown below 500 °C on glass substrates by a one-step copper-assisted plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process. A piece of copper foil is located around a glass substrate as a catalyst in the process. The effect of the copper catalyst on the vertical graphene is evaluated in terms of film morphology, growth rate, carbon density in the plasma and film resistance. The growth rate of the vertical graphene is enhanced by a factor of 5.6 with the copper catalyst with denser vertical graphene. The analysis of optical emission spectra suggests that the carbon radical density is increased with the copper catalyst. Highly conductive VG films having 800 Ω/□ are grown on glass substrates with Cu catalyst at a relatively low temperature.

Autonomous planning robotic contact-rich manipulation has long been a challenging problem. Automatic peeling of glass substrates of LCD flat panel displays is a typical contact-rich manipulation task, which requires extremely high safe handling through the manipulation process. To this end of peeling glass substrates automatically, the system model is established from data and is used for the online planning of the robot motion in this paper. A simulation environment is designed to pretrain the process model with deep learning-based neural network structure to avoid expensive and time-consuming collection of real-time data. Then, an online learning algorithm is introduced to tune the pretrained model according to the real-time data from the peeling process experiments to cover the uncertainties of the real process. Finally, an Online Learning Model Predictive Path Integral (OL-MPPI) algorithm is proposed for the optimal trajectory planning of the robot. The performance of our algorithm was validated through glass substrate peeling tasks of experiments.

Programmable nano-bio interfaces driven by tuneable vertically configured nanostructures have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cellular manipulations and interrogations. Such interfaces have strong potential for ground-breaking advances, particularly in cellular nanobiotechnology and mechanobiology. However, the opaque nature of many nanostructured surfaces makes non-destructive, live-cell characterization of cellular behavior on vertically aligned nanostructures challenging to observe. Here, a new nanofabrication route is proposed that enables harvesting of vertically aligned silicon (Si) nanowires and their subsequent transfer onto an optically transparent substrate, with high efficiency and without artefacts. We demonstrate the potential of this route for efficient live-cell phase contrast imaging and subsequent characterization of cells growing on vertically aligned Si nanowires. This approach provides the first opportunity to understand dynamic cellular responses to a cell-nanowire interface, and thus has the potential to inform the design of future nanoscale cellular manipulation technologies.

The eye is a highly sensitive organ with multiple physiological barriers that limit drug bioavailability and reduce patient compliance. Research studies are still going on to discover a novel drug delivery system for ocular delivery. The current research aims to develop and compare the PLGA ocuserts of brimonidine tartrate (BT) by different methods. These BT-loaded PLGA ocuserts offer a promising alternative to commercially available BT eye drops. Ocuserts could significantly minimize the challenges encountered with eye drops like lacrimation, blinking-induced washout, dosing frequency, penetration, stability, and controlled release issues. The BT-loaded PLGA ocuserts were prepared using two methods: solvent casting method (SCM) and glass substrate method (GSM). Both SCM and GSM formulations exhibited smooth texture, pH levels within the range of 6.88±0.24 to 6.90±0.28, uniform thickness (SCM: 0.47±0.10 mm; GSM: 0.29±0.03 mm), minimal weight variation (SCM: 7.83±0.38 mg; GSM: 6.55±0.76 mg), sterility, and appropriate swelling indices (SCM: 6.69±0.33%; GSM: 5.40±0.27%). The evaluation results of SCM and GSM ocuserts revealed positive attributes for ophthalmic use. Noteworthy distinctions emerged in folding endurance, with SCM ocuserts demonstrating significantly higher endurance (87.17±4.34 folds) than GSM ocuserts (71.33±4.82 folds). Moreover, SCM ocuserts exhibited superior drug entrapment efficiency (88.26±3.33 %) to GSM ocuserts (74.91±4.39 %). Stability studies confirmed good stability over a 6-month period, while (italics) drug release study indicated better controlled release properties for SCM than GSM. Findings demonstrate that SCM emerged as an effective method for preparation of polymeric films in various pharmaceutical industries, including transdermal patches, scaffolds in tissue engineering, flexible wound healing films, biodegradable drug delivery systems, and pharmaceutical packaging as well.

The integration of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto glass substrates is a critical step toward realizing transparent and microfabrication-compatible electronic devices. The direct synthesis of patterned vertically aligned multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) on glass substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is demonstrated. Photolithographic patterning was employed prior to CNT growth to define the spatial geometry of the vertically aligned MWCNTs, enabling precise control over the emitter layout. A key factor influencing CNT morphology was found to be the thickness of the Al buffer layer. Among the tested thicknesses, an aluminum (Al) buffer layer with a thickness of 5 nm yielded optimal results. This configuration facilitates the growth of highly aligned MWCNTs with an average length of approximately 7 μm and a number density of about 109 cm−2. The patterned MWCNTs exhibit excellent vertical alignment and well-defined hexagonal geometries consistent with photolithographic designs. Field emission measurements further validate the material quality, with patterned vertically aligned MWCNTs demonstrating uniform emission and good temporal stability. These results establish a practical and scalable approach for growing patterned vertically aligned MWCNTs directly on thermally stable glass substrates, offering a promising platform for transparent field emission technologies and CNT-based microsystems.

Branched titanium dioxide nanorods (B-TiO 2 NRs) grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) were developed, which can be used as a solid-phase extractant for preconcentration and determination of trace Pb(II) combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The B-TiO 2 NR-based glass substrate displayed excellent adsorptive selectivity and capacity for Pb(II); the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 168.4 mg⋅g −1 PB(II) at pH = 5.0. It proved that the primary extraction mechanism was attributed to soft acid/soft base interactions to form complexes for chemisorption. Investigating the adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicated that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models can better describe Pb(II) adsorption on the B-TiO 2 NRs. The proposed method presented good linearity from 0.01 to 5 mg⋅L −1 with a correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.9989 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.2 μg⋅L −1 for Pb(II) under optimal conditions. The method was successfully applied to Pb(II) determination in foodstuffs with desirable recoveries from 93.18 to 108.1% and good precision with an RSD of less than 12.2%. This work provides a new strategy for selective extraction and determination of Pb(II) in complicated matrix samples. Graphical abstract