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Wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a widely applied heat stress index. However, most applications of WBGT within the heat stress impact literature that do not use WBGT at all, but use one of the ad hoc approximations, typically the simplified WBGT (sWBGT) or the environmental stress index (ESI). Surprisingly, little is known about how well these approximations work for the global climate and climate change settings that they are being applied to. Here, we assess the bias distribution as a function of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiative conditions of both sWBGT and ESI relative to a well‐validated, explicit physical model for WBGT developed by Liljegren, within an idealized context and the more realistic setting of ERA5 reanalysis data. sWBGT greatly overestimates heat stress in hot‐humid areas. ESI has much smaller biases in the range of standard climatological conditions. Over subtropical dry regions, both metrics can substantially underestimate extreme heat. We show systematic overestimation of labor loss by sWBGT over much of the world today. We recommend discontinuing the use of sWBGT. ESI may be acceptable for assessing average heat stress or integrated impact over a long period like a year, but less suitable for health applications, extreme heat stress analysis, or as an operational index for heat warning, heatwave forecasting, or guiding activity modification at the workplace. Nevertheless, Liljegren's approach should be preferred over these ad hoc approximations and we provide a fast Python implementation to encourage its widespread use. Plain Language Summary Wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a widely applied heat stress index. However, most applications of WBGT within the climate change heat stress impact literature that do not use WBGT at all but use one of the ad hoc approximations, typically the simplified WBGT (sWBGT) or sometimes the environmental stress index (ESI). But we know little about how well these approximations work for measuring heat stress. Here, we evaluate the performance of sWBGT and ESI against a well‐validated, explicit physical model of WBGT. sWBGT greatly overestimates heat stress under a hot, humid climate. ESI performs much better in measuring average heat stress. But they both may seriously underestimate severe heat stress, especially in hot, dry regions. Our results suggest that previous studies using sWBGT tend to dramatically overestimate heat stress and its economic and health implications, which may further misinform policymaking. We recommend discontinuing the use of sWBGT. ESI may be acceptable for assessing average heat stress, but less suitable for the warning or forecasting of extreme heat, or providing guidance for dealing with workplace heat stress. Nevertheless, the well‐validated physical model of WBGT should be preferred over these approximations and we provide a Python implementation to encourage its widespread use. Key Points We evaluate biases of two common approximations to Wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) in comparison with explicitly calculated WBGT and consider labor implications Simplified WBGT generally overestimates heat stress and resulting labor loss, whereas environmental stress index is less biased. Both methods underestimate peak heat stress Both methods are systematically biased. We offer a computationally efficient Python implementation to encourage accurate WBGT calculations

Microbes are dominant drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet drawing a global picture of functional diversity, microbial community structure, and their ecological determinants remains a grand challenge. We analyzed 7.2 terabases of metagenomic data from 243 Tara Oceans samples from 68 locations in epipelagic and mesopelagic waters across the globe to generate an ocean microbial reference gene catalog with >40 million nonredundant, mostly novel sequences from viruses, prokaryotes, and picoeukaryotes. Using 139 prokaryote-enriched samples, containing >35,000 species, we show vertical stratification with epipelagic community composition mostly driven by temperature rather than other environmental factors or geography. We identify ocean microbial core functionality and reveal that >73% of its abundance is shared with the human gut microbiome despite the physicochemical differences between these two ecosystems.

\"The first half of the book details the design of a modern 3D graphics engine: a shader-based architecture with an abstract rendering API fed by hierarchical culling and state sorting. The second half of the book upgrades the generic 3D engine to a virtual globe engine by adding high precision rendering, accurate globe rendering, vector data rendering, out-of-core rendering, and terrain rendering. The algorithms and techniques in the book are not tied to any particular programming language or rendering API but they will provide concrete examples in C#, OpenGL, and GLSL\"--Provided by publisher.

Open globe injury (OGI) is a rare but serious condition that carries with it a high rate of morbidity. This review highlights the pearls and pitfalls of OGI, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence. OGI refers to full-thickness injury to the layers of the eye. OGI can be caused by blunt or sharp trauma, and subtypes include penetration, perforation, intraocular foreign body (IOFB), globe rupture, or mixed types. OGI is more common in males and usually secondary to work-related injury, but in women it is most commonly associated with falls. Emergency clinicians should first assess for and manage other critical, life-threatening injuries. Following this assessment, a thorough eye examination is necessary. Computed tomography (CT) may suggest the disease, but it cannot definitively exclude the diagnosis. While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is highly sensitive and specific for some findings in OGI, its use is controversial due to potential globe content extrusion. Management includes protecting the affected eye from further injury, preventing Valsalva maneuvers that could extrude ocular contents, updating tetanus vaccination status, administering broad-spectrum antibiotics, and ophthalmology consultation for surgical intervention to prevent the sequelae of blindness and endophthalmitis. An understanding of OGI can assist emergency clinicians in diagnosing and managing this sight-threatening traumatic process.

Timmy Failure, founder, president, and CEO of the greatest detective agency in town, perhaps the nation, is about to crack the biggest case of his generation: a school competition to find a stolen globe.

The spread of modern humans across the globe has led to genetic adaptations to diverse local environments. Recent developments in genomic technologies, statistical analyses, and expanded sampled populations have led to improved identification and fine-mapping of genetic variants associated with adaptations to regional living conditions and dietary practices. Ongoing efforts in sequencing genomes of indigenous populations, accompanied by the growing availability of \"-omics\" and ancient DNA data, promises a new era in our understanding of recent human evolution and the origins of variable traits and disease risks.