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Learning and teaching community-based research : linking pedagogy to practice
\"Community-Based Research, or CBR, is a mix of innovative, participatory approaches that put the community at the heart of the research process. Learning and Teaching Community-Based Research shows that CBR can also operate as an innovative pedagogical practice, engaging community members, research experts, and students.
Book
Accelerated functional brain aging in pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease
Resting state functional connectivity (rs-fMRI) is impaired early in persons who subsequently develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. This impairment may be leveraged to aid investigation of the pre-clinical phase of AD. We developed a model that predicts brain age from resting state (rs)-fMRI data, and assessed whether genetic determinants of AD, as well as beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology, can accelerate brain aging. Using data from 1340 cognitively unimpaired participants between 18–94 years of age from multiple sites, we showed that topological properties of graphs constructed from rs-fMRI can predict chronological age across the lifespan. Application of our predictive model to the context of pre-clinical AD revealed that the pre-symptomatic phase of autosomal dominant AD includes acceleration of functional brain aging. This association was stronger in individuals having significant Aβ pathology.
Alzheimer’s disease has been associated with increased structural brain aging. Here the authors describe a model that predicts brain aging from resting state functional connectivity data, and demonstrate this is accelerated in individuals with pre-clinical familial Alzheimer’s disease.
Journal Article
Research partnerships in early childhood education : teachers and researchers in collaboration
\"How can teachers deepen their understanding of their work? How can researchers make sure their work is grounded in and responsive to community needs? In this assemblage of rich examples of partnership research in early years education, Duncan and Conner set out how early childhood teachers and researchers can work in partnerships that benefit them both. Drawing on examples of successful partnerships from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, they tell the stories of the successes, struggles, insights, and opportunities that come from working in such partnerships. Each chapter describes its own political, social, cultural and educational contexts, identifying the importance of complementary and reciprocal expertise required to solve educational puzzles. Through skillful analysis, this volume demonstrates how collaborative research on early childhood education results in gains for educators, researchers, and children alike\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Scientific collaboration : strategies for successful research teams
A narrative guide to help scientists improve their collaboration techniques and build trusting relationships with their research teams.The days of scientists conducting solitary inquiries in isolated labs are effectively over, with most researchers instead collaborating in cross-functional teams. In addition to mastering the technical skills necessary in their respective fields, scientists must now learn strategies for better communication and relationship building to succeed in reaching increasingly sophisticated and interdisciplinary research goals. In Scientific Collaboration, biosecurity researcher and animal disease ecologist Jeanne M. Fair shares exciting—and occasionally cringeworthy—stories of scientists working together as an approachable way to introduce and explain the principles crucial to effective scientific collaboration. From the global community of scientists measuring sea ice decline to cooperative private-public sector investigations of harrowing virus outbreaks, the real-life experiences provide examples of and insights into how scientists rise to meet challenges together. Fair highlights principles for fostering community, integrity, loyalty, communication, and compassion among teams. Scientists can adopt and apply these principles to research collaborations to improve communication and trust among their team members all while working toward the common goal of discovery. Covering multidisciplinary research teams that have led to transformational breakthroughs as well as stories of hurdles and tough lessons learned, Scientific Collaboration provides a foundation for increasing research productivity while bringing more fun and joy into the collaborative process. This book will appeal to any scientists and team leaders who need to function in this new scientific world, wherein the most important breakthroughs happen through cooperation, combined effort, and mutual trust.
eBook
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science
The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as \"team science.\" Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams?
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.
eBook
The Lab Book
An important new approach to the study of laboratories,
presenting a practical method for understanding labs in all walks
of life From the \"Big Science\" of Bell Laboratories to the
esoteric world of séance chambers to university media labs to
neighborhood makerspaces, places we call \"labs\" are everywhere-but
how exactly do we account for the wide variety of ways that they
produce knowledge? More than imitations of science and engineering
labs, many contemporary labs are hybrid forms that require a new
methodological and theoretical toolkit to describe. The Lab
Book investigates these vital, creative spaces, presenting
readers with the concept of the \"hybrid lab\" and offering an
extended-and rare-critical investigation of how labs have
proliferated throughout culture.
Organized by interpretive categories such as space,
infrastructure, and imaginaries, The Lab Book uses both historical
and contemporary examples to show how laboratories have become
fundamentally connected to changes in the contemporary university.
Its wide reach includes institutions like the MIT Media Lab, the
Tuskegee Institute's Jesup Wagon, ACTLab, and the Media
Archaeological Fundus. The authors cover topics such as the
evolution and delineation of lab-based communities, how labs' tools
and technologies contribute to defining their space, and a glossary
of key hybrid lab techniques.
Providing rich historical breadth and depth, The Lab
Book brings into focus a critical, but often misunderstood,
aspect of the contemporary arts and humanities.
eBook
Groups That Work: Student Achievement in Group Research Projects and Effects on Individual Learning
Group research projects frequently are used to teach undergraduate research methods. This study uses multivariate analyses to examine the characteristics of higher-achieving groups (those that earn higher grades on group research projects) and to estimate the effects of participating in higher-achieving groups on subsequent individual learning (grade on final paper). The sample includes 257 students who completed a sociology research methods course at a small liberal arts institution between 2004 and 2015. Group achievement (grade on group research project) is predicted by group size, gender composition of the group, and group's average grade on midterm exams. Group achievement on the research project contributes to subsequent individual learning (grade on final paper) even after controlling for individual characteristics (student's gender, race, and average grade on midterm exams) and group characteristics. The findings support claims that group research projects are an effective pedagogy for undergraduate sociology research methods courses and point to some guidelines for instructors' composition of groups for research projects.
Journal Article
Conveyance of texture signals along a rat whisker
Neuronal activities underlying a percept are constrained by the physics of sensory signals. In the tactile sense such constraints are frictional stick–slip events, occurring, amongst other vibrotactile features, when tactile sensors are in contact with objects. We reveal new biomechanical phenomena about the transmission of these microNewton forces at the tip of a rat’s whisker, where they occur, to the base where they engage primary afferents. Using high resolution videography and accurate measurement of axial and normal forces at the follicle, we show that the conical and curved rat whisker acts as a sign-converting amplification filter for moment to robustly engage primary afferents. Furthermore, we present a model based on geometrically nonlinear Cosserat rod theory and a friction model that recreates the observed whole-beam whisker dynamics. The model quantifies the relation between kinematics (positions and velocities) and dynamic variables (forces and moments). Thus, only videographic assessment of acceleration is required to estimate forces and moments measured by the primary afferents. Our study highlights how sensory systems deal with complex physical constraints of perceptual targets and sensors.
Journal Article
Whatever happened to group dynamics in the scientific study of groups?
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore whether a group dynamics perspective still exists in the scientific study of groups and what factors may account for the current situation.
Design/methodology/approach
Alongside reflections based on my professional experience, I have analyzed the main academic journals that publish group research.
Findings
A group dynamics perspective is almost totally absent in the scientific study of groups. Contributing factors to this state of affairs are disciplinary developments in psychology (e.g. individualization, experimentalization and specialization), the demise of the status of psychoanalysis, changes in the meaning and manifestation of the “group,” and effects of New Public Management.
Originality/value
The study offers a critical perspective on current group research practices and considers these in a larger (social and historical) context. It advocates a group dynamics perspective for the study of groups, based on systems-psychodynamic insights.
Journal Article