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PKA regulatory subunit Bcy1 couples growth, lipid metabolism, and fermentation during anaerobic xylose growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Organisms have evolved elaborate physiological pathways that regulate growth, proliferation, metabolism, and stress response. These pathways must be properly coordinated to elicit the appropriate response to an ever-changing environment. While individual pathways have been well studied in a variety of model systems, there remains much to uncover about how pathways are integrated to produce systemic changes in a cell, especially in dynamic conditions. We previously showed that deletion of Protein Kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunitBCY1can decouple growth and metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeengineered for anaerobic xylose fermentation, allowing for robust fermentation in the absence of division. This provides an opportunity to understand how PKA signaling normally coordinates these processes. Here, we integrated transcriptomic, lipidomic, and phospho-proteomic responses upon a glucose to xylose shift across a series of strains with different genetic mutations promoting either coupled or decoupled xylose-dependent growth and metabolism. Together, results suggested that defects in lipid homeostasis limit growth in thebcy1Δstrain despite robust metabolism. To further understand this mechanism, we performed adaptive laboratory evolutions to re-evolve coupled growth and metabolism in thebcy1Δparental strain. The evolved strain harbored mutations in PKA subunitTPK1and lipid regulatorOPI1, among other genes, and evolved changes in lipid profiles and gene expression. Deletion of the evolvedopi1gene partially reverted the strain’s phenotype to thebcy1Δparent, with reduced growth and robust xylose fermentation. We suggest several models for how cells coordinate growth, metabolism, and other responses in budding yeast and how restructuring these processes enables anaerobic xylose utilization.
Journal Article
Study on the Inheritance of Landscape Culture in Traditional Ancient: Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Liukeng Village in Lean County, Jiangxi Province
Traditional ancient village is a miniature of history, embodies landscape cultures with rich connotations. On the basis of introducing basic conditions of ancient Liukeng Village, this paper explored landscape cultural elements in the village from such perspectives of natural landscape, architecture, clan system, and Fengshui, and proposed the pertinent approaches of landscape culture inheritance respectively, namely, \"integrated protection\", \"hierarchical protection\", \"live inheritance\" and \"rationally accepting and rejecting\", by adhering to such principles as keeping natural originality, integrality, humanistic ecology, and dynamic openness.
Journal Article
Molecular mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Increasing evidence indicates that non-DNA sequence-based epigenetic information can be inherited across several generations in organisms ranging from yeast to plants to humans. This raises the possibility of heritable ‘epimutations’ contributing to heritable phenotypic variation and thus to evolution. Recent work has shed light on both the signals that underpin these epimutations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and the mechanisms by which they are transmitted across generations at the molecular level. These mechanisms can vary greatly among species and have a more limited effect in mammals than in plants and other animal species. Nevertheless, common principles are emerging, with transmission occurring either via direct replicative mechanisms or indirect reconstruction of the signal in subsequent generations. As these processes become clearer we continue to improve our understanding of the distinctive features and relative contribution of DNA sequence and epigenetic variation to heritable differences in phenotype.In this Review, Fitz-James and Cavalli discuss the diverse and often multilayered mechanisms by which transgenerational epigenetic inheritance can occur in different species.
Journal Article