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L'administration fiscale a changé de visage. Les progrès accomplis dans la gestion et le contrôle de l'impôt ont été et sont encore remarquables. Les craintes que certains avaient manifestés, souvent légitimement, lors de la mise en place de la retenue à la source ont été très rapidement levées. Il est vrai que les entreprises et leurs conseils ont largement participé à la réussite de cette importante réforme qui a modernisé et sécurisé le recouvrement de l'impôt sur le revenu. La réforme présente aussi pour l'administration, l'avantage de pouvoir contrôler que tous les revenus sont intégralement déclarés par les contribuables, ce qui lui donne une très grande efficacité. Pas de chiffres. Détails.

This article comprehensively analyzes the new developments and challenges faced by several typical prediction models in the field of radiation effects in recent years. The models discussed include the RPP model, the extended RPP (rectangular parallelepiped) model, and the IRPP (integral rectangular parallelepiped) model. The article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the limitations of the assumption that uses the linear energy transfer (LET) of incident particles and the SEU (single-particle upset) cross-section (without considering the energy and type of ions) to predict the rate of single-particle effects (SEUs). Additionally, the article points out that with the continuous progress of integrated circuit technology, the geometric shape of the target circuit, the energy of the incident particles, the type of particles, and more precise physical models corresponding to the interaction between radiation and matter have become increasingly important in evaluating the sensitivity to single-particle effects (SEEs). Subsequently, based on the probability characteristics of SEE, a series of general estimation equations for the SEE rate are derived, considering particle energy, particle type, and the probability of influence at a specific moment. Then, by introducing the concept of interaction volume, the concept of sensitive volume is further expanded, and using these general equations, the relationship between the SEE rate cross-section and the SEE projected area is derived, simplifying the SEU rate prediction equation to a form that can be directly used in engineering applications. Finally, the article emphasizes a complete method of applying the general prediction equation to engineering to estimate the radiation disturbance performance of two typical verification circuits, and provides the corresponding prediction results.

This article describes the ongoing project “School for Cultural Heritage through Map Exploitation” (SCHEME), an integrated set of activities designed to support social inclusion in heritage promotion processes in Albania. The main project goal is delivering ICT tools (map and crowdfunding platforms) and procedures as well as improving the capacity of stakeholders to sustainably valorize hidden resources. The underlying approach has capitalized on existing technologies and experiences through the development of an advanced interactive multimedia map using data produced in the Ljubljana Process. Subsequently, the map will be extended by collecting more data on the Lake Ohrid Region, which has been selected as a pilot area to promote the neglected inland, relieving pressure on more famous coastal sites. A contest among schools will enrich the database, uploading multifaceted memories collected by students. The winning cultural asset will be the object of a small-scale rehabilitation project supported by a fundraising campaign through a crowdfunding platform. The centrality of people’s active participation will contribute to governance innovation by reverting to traditional top-down promotion processes and practices, in which heritage consumers represent passive recipients of ready-made offers and messages. The map platform also holds specific potential for cultural tourism purposes, avoiding mistakes in the geo-localization of sites.

The current scenario of heavy power crisis in India particularly in rural areas and small towns requires urgent solution. There is a need to look for innovative and sustainable ways for promoting equitable development in India. The centralized energy planning model currently used ignores energy needs of the rural areas and poor and has also led to environmental degradation, whereas decentralized energy planning model is in the interest of efficient utilization of resources. Energy planning at the village level is the bottom limit of the application of decentralized planning principle. The individual villages are the smallest social units where the energy consumption occurs. Renewable energy is energy derived from sources that are being replaced by nature, such as water, wind, solar, or biomass. Renewable sources are essentially non-polluting, if applied correctly. This article presents a review of the important decentralized renewable energy options. Also, this article discusses about current power scenario in India particularly in rural sector. Taking into consideration the limitations of conventional power policy and benefits decentralized power potential in India, this article presents the need to setup independent rural power producers (IRPPs) as an instrument to promote sustainable and socially equitable rural power sector development.