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"Informatique Industrie Localisation."
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From Silicon Valley to Shenzhen
This seminal study explores the significant changes in the global IT industry as production has shifted from the developed world to massive sites in the developing world that house hundreds of thousands of workers in appalling low-wage conditions to minimize labor costs. Yet little is known about this phenomenon as the major contract manufacturers deliberately hide their names from the public on behalf of brand-name customers such as Apple. In short, the authors argue, globalization is not always helping the IT workers of the world, many of whom are working in unbearable factory conditions. From Silicon Valley to Shenzhen traces the development of the new networks of globalized mass production in the IT industry and the reorganization of work since the 1990s, capturing the systemic nature of an industry-wide restructuring of production and work in the global context. Their wide-ranging and detailed analysis makes an important contribution to ongoing academic and political debates on the globalization of production, especially by taking these debates beyond narrow perspectives of determining criteria of “success” for participation in global production networks. Rather, they emphasize the changing nature of work, employment relations, and labor policies and their implications for the possibilities of sustainable economic and social development.
eBook
Cosmopolitanism in Mexican Visual Culture
Since the colonial era, Mexican art has emerged from an ongoing process of negotiation between the local and the global, which frequently involves invention, synthesis, and transformation of diverse discursive and artistic traditions. In this pathfinding book, María Fernández uses the concept of cosmopolitanism to explore this important aspect of Mexican art, in which visual culture and power relations unite the local and the global, the national and the international, the universal and the particular. She argues that in Mexico, as in other colonized regions, colonization constructed power dynamics and forms of violence that persisted in the independent nation-state. Accordingly, Fernández presents not only the visual qualities of objects, but also the discourses, ideas, desires, and practices that are fundamental to the very existence of visual objects.
Fernández organizes episodes in the history of Mexican art and architecture, ranging from the seventeenth century to the end of the twentieth century, around the consistent but unacknowledged historical theme of cosmopolitanism, allowing readers to discern relationships among various historical periods and works that are new and yet simultaneously dependent on their predecessors. She uses case studies of art and architecture produced in response to government commissions to demonstrate that established visual forms and meanings in Mexican art reflect and inform desires, expectations, memories, and ways of being in the world-in short, that visual culture and cosmopolitanism are fundamental to processes of subjectification and identity.
eBook
Towards Global Localization
This volume redefines the genre of sector studies. The first part of the book compares the experiences of Britain and France in the very voltaile world of high-tech industries during the 1980s. The macroeconomic regulation approach is carried over a microeconomic level in the empirical chapters through an analysis of studies of firms, each chapter written by authors well-placed to give a pan-European perspective.
eBook
I.B.M. à la campagne : l'évolution du Dutchess County (Etat de New York) (1940-1984)
Un county du nord-est des Etats-Unis, peuplé d'une centaine de milliers d'habitants, au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, se trouve intégré aux grandes mutations économiques et sociales de la nation américaine. Sans avoir de véritable tradition urbaine ou industrielle, le Dutchess County, (New York) est devenu, en l'espace d'une trentaine d'années, le fief du leader mondial de l'informatique, International Business Machines. L'implantation de la corporation perçue alors, et à juste titre, comme l'occasion inespérée de réanimer l'économie locale semble, dans le même temps, avoir introduit de nombreux déséquilibres économiques, sociaux et spatiaux. En raison de la mauvaise intégration de l'entreprise au milieu local, un dualisme économique est apparu; une explosion démographique sans précédent a conduit à rompre les relations sociales traditionnelles et à juxtaposer deux populations aux préoccupations et aux revenus différents; enfin, l'absence de planification du développement local a conduit à une transformation de l'occupation de l'espace et à une désorganisation des structures régionales. A north eastern american county, inhabited by around a hundred thousand people at the end of the second world war, happens to be incorporated into the economic and social mutations of the american nation. Without having a strong urban and industrial tradition, Dutchess county, New York, became the central territory of the world leader of the computer industry : International Business Machines. The setting up of the corporation, rightly felt to be the unexpected opportunity to boost the local economy, seems today to have been a major cause of the economical, social and spatial imbalance experienced by the county since then. A strong dualism appeared in the economic structure; an unprecedented population explosion lead to the breaking up of traditionnal social relations and lead to the juxtaposing of two populations with different levels of income and different fields of interest. Morover, the lack of planning of this local development lead to a deep and swift change in the land use, and a complete desorganisation of the regional space.
Journal Article