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"Inorganic Compounds"
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Synthesis, properties and mineralogy of important inorganic materials
Intended as a textbook for courses involving preparative solid-state chemistry, this book offers clear and detailed descriptions on how to prepare a selection of inorganic materials that exhibit important optical, magnetic and electrical properties, on a laboratory scale. The text covers a wide range of preparative methods and can be read as separate, independent chapters or as a unified coherent body of work. Discussions of various chemical systems reveal how the properties of a material can often be influenced by modifications to the preparative procedure, and vice versa. References to mineralogy are made throughout the book since knowledge of naturally occurring inorganic substances is helpful in devising many of the syntheses and in characterizing the product materials.
A set of questions at the end of each chapter helps to connect theory with practice, and an accompanying solutions manual is available to instructors. This book is also of appeal to postgraduate students, post-doctoral researchers and those working in industry requiring knowledge of solid-state synthesis.
eBook
Essentials of Inorganic Materials Synthesis
This compact handbook describes all the important methods of synthesis employed today for synthesizing inorganic materials. Some features: * Focuses on modern inorganic materials with applications in nanotechnology, energy materials, and sustainability * Synthesis is a crucial component of materials science and technology; this book provides a simple introduction as well as an updated description of methods * Written in a very simple style, providing references to the literature to get details of the methods of preparation when required
eBook
Bismuth oxyhalides
This reference text covers the recent developments in the synthesis of BiOX and their applications in the production of energy and the purification of wastewater. The book begins with an overview of bismuth as well as bismuth oxyhalides and the fabrication process. It then reviews the state-of-the-art improvements in bismuth oxyhalides including elemental doping, surface modification and many others. Photocatalytic applications of bismuth oxyhalides along with their experimental and theoretical studies are discussed. The book also explores bismuth oxyhalides for wastewater treatment, reduction of carbon dioxide, and nitrogen fixation and finally, the various issues and potential solutions that could help with the development of effective photocatalytic bismuth oxyhalides.
eBook
Site- and alignment-controlled growth of graphene nanoribbons from nickel nanobars
Graphene nanoribbons combine the unique electronic and spin properties of graphene
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,
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with a transport gap that arises from quantum confinement and edge effects
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,
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,
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,
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. This makes them an attractive candidate material for the channels of next-generation transistors. Nanoribbons can be made in a variety of ways, including lithographic
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,
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,
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, chemical
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,
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,
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and sonochemical
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approaches, the unzipping of carbon nanotubes
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, the thermal decomposition of SiC
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and organic synthesis
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. However, the reliable site and alignment control of nanoribbons with high on/off current ratios
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remains a challenge. Here we control the site and alignment of narrow (∼23 nm) graphene nanoribbons by directly converting a nickel nanobar into a graphene nanoribbon using rapid-heating plasma chemical vapour deposition. The nanoribbons grow directly between the source and drain electrodes of a field-effect transistor without transfer, lithography and other postgrowth treatments, and exhibit a clear transport gap (58.5 meV), a high on/off ratio (>10
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) and no hysteresis. Complex architectures, including parallel and radial arrays of supported and suspended ribbons, are demonstrated. The process is scalable and completely compatible with existing semiconductor processes, and is expected to allow integration of graphene nanoribbons with silicon technology.
Graphene nanoribbons with a clear transport gap and high on/off ratio are grown directly into complex architectures using plasma chemical vapour deposition onto lithographically defined nickel nanobar substrates.
Journal Article
Mycorrhizal fungi volatiles: determining the fate of plants against stress?
Mycorrhizal fungi represent one of the oldest and most successful symbioses in plant evolution. Communication among mycorrhizal fungi and plants occurs prior to direct contact among them through different and variable biochemical signals, including microRNAs, hormones, small peptides and volatile organic and inorganic compounds. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emerge as key chemical signals that enable the transmission of chemical messages modulating plant and microorganism responses in both below- and above-ground ecosystems. The diversity and concentration of mycorrhizal VOCs will vary depending on the environment and the emitting organism and are usually related to changes in the conformation of root architecture and lateral root formation mediated by auxin and strigolactones. Moreover, the study of the effects of mycorrhizal VOCs in the tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress are still scarce although there are some promising results pointing out to the effect of these VOCs in plant development under osmotic stress conditions, and their properties as antifungal and antibacterial molecules. However, the information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in mycorrhizal VOCs signaling and their effect on plants remains still elusive. The understanding of VOC-mediated plant-mycorrhizal interactions, together with the technical improvements for their detection and mode of application in the field, will open new avenues for biotechnological crop improvement and management that not only will reduce the dependence on agrochemicals but also fosters soil health and plant resilience.
Journal Article
Importance of ICPMS for speciation analysis is changing: future trends for targeted and non-targeted element speciation analysis
This article is aimed at researchers interested in organic molecules which contain a heteroatom but who have never considered using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) or who have used ICPMS for years and developed numerous methods for analysis of target elemental species. We try to illustrate (1) that ICPMS has been very useful for speciation analysis of metal(loid) target species and that there is now a trend to replace the costly detector with cheaper detection systems for routine target analysis, and (2) that ICPMS has been used and will be used even more in the future for non-targeted analysis of elements which are not normally associated with ICPMS analysis, such as non-metals such as sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine and fluorine.
Journal Article