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With the rapid development of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), sonosensitizers have evolved from traditional treatments to comprehensive diagnostics and therapies. Sonosensitizers play a crucial role in the integration of ultrasound imaging (USI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics while also playing a therapeutic role. This review was based on recent articles on multifunctional sonosensitizers that were used in SDT for the treatment of cancer and have the potential for clinical USI, CT, and MRI applications. Next, some of the shortcomings of the clinical examination and the results of sonosensitizers in animal imaging were described. Finally, this paper attempted to inform the future development of sonosensitizers in the field of integrative diagnostics and therapeutics and to point out current problems and prospects for their application.

The diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in clinical settings face serious challenges, particularly due to the lack of integration between the two processes, which limit real-time adjustments in treatment plans based on the patient’s condition and drive-up treatment costs. Here, we present a multifunctional pH-sensitive core-shell nanoparticle containing quercetin (QCT), termed AHA@MnP/QCT NPs, designed for the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Mechanistic studies indicated that QCT and Mn 2+ exhibited excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity, catalysing the conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals through a Fenton-like reaction, depleting glutathione (GSH), promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and inducing ferroptosis. Additionally, Mn 2+ could activate the cGAS-STING signalling pathway and promote the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of activated T cells, thus inducing tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD). Furthermore, it exhibited effective T2-weighted MRI enhancement for tumor imaging, making them valuable for clinical diagnosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that AHA@MnP/QCT NPs enabled non-invasive imaging and tumor treatment, which presented a one-stone-for-two-birds strategy for combining tumor diagnosis and treatment, with broad potential for clinical application in non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Graphical Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of cancers have become a significant challenge in overcoming malignant diseases. Early detection of tumors and timely targeted therapy can greatly impede the rapid deterioration of cancers. In recent years, nano-systems based on photodynamic materials have shown great progress in tumor diagnosis and treatment applications. With the continuous exploration of tumor-specific targets and the development of photodynamic nanoparticles, the generation of new nanoparticles that are target-specific, highly sensitive, and biosafe for integrated diagnosis and therapy is realistic. This review introduces the rational basis for photosensitizer-based materials for integrating cancer diagnosis and anti-cancer therapy, types and characteristics of organic and inorganic photosensitizers currently used for PDT treatment, photosensitive nano-materials with dual detection and therapeutic properties the advancement in developing photo-dynamic nano-systems showing potential in integrated diagnosis and therapeutic applications. We also introduce current strategies for optimizing nano-systems with the properties for enhancing targeting ROS release and accurate imaging, combining therapeutic efficacy, as well as biosafety of the integrative materials for PDT application, providing references for the coordinated optimization of photosensitizer design and clinical translation.

The advent of nanotechnology has significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, offering more precise and efficient therapeutic strategies. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the application of nanotechnology to oral cancer management. It begins with an overview of the epidemiology of oral cancer and outlines current diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The classification and advantages of various nanomaterials are then introduced. The paper thoroughly explores the use of nanomaterials as drug delivery systems (DDSs), imaging contrast agents, and therapeutic tools, with particular emphasis on multifunctional nanoplatforms that integrate diagnostics and therapy. These platforms enable real-time monitoring and immediate therapeutic response, offering innovative approaches for early detection and intervention. Despite these promising advances, several challenges persist, including issues related to biocompatibility, clearance, targeting specificity, and clinical translation. The review concludes by highlighting current limitations and proposing future directions for the clinical application of nanotechnology in oral cancer treatment. Graphical Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) are still a grand challenge, more than 70% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with a dismal prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown superior results to other examinations in preoperative assessment, while cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the first‐line treatment for OC. However, few previous studies have brought together the two rapidly expanding fields. Here a technique is presented using cisplatin prodrug (Pt‐COOH), Fe3+, and natural polyphenols (Gossypol) to construct the nanoparticles (HA@PFG NPs) that have a stable structure, controllable drug release behavior, and high drug loading capacity. The acidic pH values in tumor sites facilitate the release of Fe3+, Pt‐COOH, and Gossypol from HA@PFG NPs. Pt‐COOH with GSH consumption and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy plus Gossypol with pro‐apoptotic effects displays a synergistic effect for killing tumor cells. Furthermore, the release of Fe3+ at the tumor sites promotes ferroptosis and enables MRI imaging of OC. In the patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model, HA@PFG NPs alleviate the tumor activity. RNA sequencing analysis reveals that HA@PFG NPs ameliorate OC symptoms mainly through IL‐6 signal pathways. This work combines MRI imaging with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, which holds great promise for OC diagnosis and synergistic therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) are still a grand challenge, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a typical diagnostic method for accurately diagnosing OC, while cisplatin is the first‐line treatment method. Here, the study reports nanoparticles (HA@PFG NPs) composed of Fe3+, Pt‐COOH, and Gossypol that integrate MRI with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.

We investigated whether Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) combined with Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment (IDDT) is associated with a decrease in nuisance acts and crime convictions in dual-diagnosis repeated offenders. Forty-three patients were monitored from 21 months before until 12 months after the start of ACT-IDDT, using police data and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS). Results show that while nuisance acts and convictions increased in the 21 months before the start of ACT-IDDT, nuisance acts decreased and convictions stabilized during the next 12 months. The decrease in nuisance acts was associated with a decrease in substance abuse.

Epidemiologic datasets show a similar relationship between AlC and risk of retinopathy as has been shown for the corresponding FPG and 2-h plasma glucose thresholds. * Clinical information systems including registries that can prospectively identify and track those requiring assessments and/or treatment modifications by the team. * Electronic medical record-based clinical decision support at the point of care, both personalize and standardize care and can be used by multiple providers (383). * Use of checklists and/or flow sheets that mirror guidelines. * Detailed treatment algorithms enabling multiple team members to \"treat to target\" and appropriately intensify therapy. * Availability of care or disease management services (384) by nurses, pharmacists, and other providers using detailed algorithms often catalyzing reduction in AlC, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol (385,386). Research on the comprehensive CCM suggests additional strategies to improve diabetes care, including the following: * Basing care on consistent, evidencebased care guidelines * Redefining and expanding the roles of the clinic staff (382) * Collaborative, multidisciplinary teams to provide high-quality care and support patients' appropriate self-management * Audit and feedback of process and outcome data to providers to encourage population-based care improvement strategies * Care management, one of the most effective diabetes quality improvement strategies to improve glycémie control (384). * Identifying and/or developing community resources and public policy that support healthy lifestyles * Alterations in reimbursement that reward the provision of appropriate and high-quality care and accommodate the need to personalize care goals, providing additional incentives to improve diabetes care (382,388-392) The most successful practices have an institutional priority for quality of care, expanding the role of teams and staff, redesigning their delivery system, activating and educating their patients, and using electronic health record tools (393,394).

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We recently reported that glycemic control in patients with T2D can be significantly improved through a continuous care intervention (CCI) including nutritional ketosis. The purpose of this study was to examine CVD risk factors in this cohort. Methods We investigated CVD risk factors in patients with T2D who participated in a 1 year open label, non-randomized, controlled study. The CCI group (n = 262) received treatment from a health coach and medical provider. A usual care (UC) group (n = 87) was independently recruited to track customary T2D progression. Circulating biomarkers of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, blood pressure (BP), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), multi-factorial risk scores and medication use were examined. A significance level of P < 0.0019 ensured two-tailed significance at the 5% level when Bonferroni adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results The CCI group consisted of 262 participants (baseline mean (SD): age 54 (8) year, BMI 40.4 (8.8) kg m −2 ). Intention-to-treat analysis (% change) revealed the following at 1-year: total LDL-particles (LDL-P) (− 4.9%, P = 0.02), small LDL-P (− 20.8%, P = 1.2 × 10 −12 ), LDL-P size (+ 1.1%, P = 6.0 × 10 −10 ), ApoB (− 1.6%, P = 0.37), ApoA1 (+ 9.8%, P < 10 −16 ), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (− 9.5%, P = 1.9 × 10 −7 ), triglyceride/HDL-C ratio (− 29.1%, P < 10 −16 ), large VLDL-P (− 38.9%, P = 4.2 × 10 −15 ), and LDL-C (+ 9.9%, P = 4.9 × 10 −5 ). Additional effects were reductions in blood pressure, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and white blood cell count (all P < 1 × 10 −7 ) while cIMT was unchanged. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score decreased − 11.9% (P = 4.9 × 10 −5 ). Antihypertensive medication use was discontinued in 11.4% of CCI participants (P = 5.3 × 10 −5 ). The UC group of 87 participants [baseline mean (SD): age 52 (10) year, BMI 36.7 (7.2) kg m −2 ] showed no significant changes. After adjusting for baseline differences when comparing CCI and UC groups, significant improvements for the CCI group included small LDL-P, ApoA1, triglyceride/HDL-C ratio, HDL-C, hsCRP, and LP-IR score in addition to other biomarkers that were previously reported. The CCI group showed a greater rise in LDL-C. Conclusions A continuous care treatment including nutritional ketosis in patients with T2D improved most biomarkers of CVD risk after 1 year. The increase in LDL-cholesterol appeared limited to the large LDL subfraction. LDL particle size increased, total LDL-P and ApoB were unchanged, and inflammation and blood pressure decreased. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02519309. Registered 10 August 2015

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health-care systems, leading to concerns about its subsequent impact on non-COVID disease conditions. The diagnosis and management of cancer is time sensitive and is likely to be substantially affected by these disruptions. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in India. We did an ambidirectional cohort study at 41 cancer centres across India that were members of the National Cancer Grid of India to compare provision of oncology services between March 1 and May 31, 2020, with the same time period in 2019. We collected data on new patient registrations, number of patients visiting outpatient clinics, hospital admissions, day care admissions for chemotherapy, minor and major surgeries, patients accessing radiotherapy, diagnostic tests done (pathology reports, CT scans, MRI scans), and palliative care referrals. We also obtained estimates from participating centres on cancer screening, research, and educational activities (teaching of postgraduate students and trainees). We calculated proportional reductions in the provision of oncology services in 2020, compared with 2019. Between March 1 and May 31, 2020, the number of new patients registered decreased from 112 270 to 51 760 (54% reduction), patients who had follow-up visits decreased from 634 745 to 340 984 (46% reduction), hospital admissions decreased from 88 801 to 56 885 (36% reduction), outpatient chemotherapy decreased from 173634 to 109 107 (37% reduction), the number of major surgeries decreased from 17 120 to 8677 (49% reduction), minor surgeries from 18 004 to 8630 (52% reduction), patients accessing radiotherapy from 51 142 to 39 365 (23% reduction), pathological diagnostic tests from 398 373 to 246 616 (38% reduction), number of radiological diagnostic tests from 93 449 to 53 560 (43% reduction), and palliative care referrals from 19 474 to 13 890 (29% reduction). These reductions were even more marked between April and May, 2020. Cancer screening was stopped completely or was functioning at less than 25% of usual capacity at more than 70% of centres during these months. Reductions in the provision of oncology services were higher for centres in tier 1 cities (larger cities) than tier 2 and 3 cities (smaller cities). The COVID-19 pandemic has had considerable impact on the delivery of oncology services in India. The long-term impact of cessation of cancer screening and delayed hospital visits on cancer stage migration and outcomes are likely to be substantial. None. For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Strategies such as explicit goal setting with patients (453); identifying and addressing language, numeracy, or cultural barriers to care (454-456); integrating evidence-based guidelines and clinical information tools into the process of care (457-459); and incorporating care management teams including nurses, pharmacists, and other providers (460-463) have each been shown to optimize provider and team behavior and thereby catalyze reduction in AlC, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol. Support patient behavior change Successful diabetes care requires a systematic approach to supporting patients' behavior change efforts, including (a) healthy lifestyle changes (physical activity, healthy eating, nonuse of tobacco, weight management, effective coping), (b) disease self-management (medication taking and management, self-monitoring of glucose and blood pressure when clinically appropriate); and (c) prevention of diabetes complications (self-monitoring of foot health, active participation in screening for eye, foot, and renal complications, and immunizations).