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"Ironman triathlons."
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The Complete Ironman : the official illustrated guide to the ultimate endurance race
Every year, the world's toughest athletes gather in Kailua-Kona, Hawai'i, to compete in one of the toughest races ever run. Just to take part is an achievement, and those who finish are able to count themselves among the fittest in the world. This book provides everything an aspiring competitor needs to take part, from training plans and coaching tips, to motivation, support, and advice from Ironman legends. It also delves into the history of the competition, pinpointing 40 inspiring moments certain to boost your desire to take on the Ironman challenge.
Compression stockings do not improve muscular performance during a half-ironman triathlon race
by
Salinero, Juan José
,
González-Millán, Cristina
,
Areces, Francisco
in
Adenosine triphosphatase
,
Adult
,
Biomedical and Life Sciences
2014
Purpose
This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of compression stockings to prevent muscular damage and preserve muscular performance during a half-ironman triathlon.
Methods
Thirty-six experienced triathletes volunteered for this study. Participants were matched for age, anthropometric data and training status and placed into the experimental group (
N
= 19; using ankle-to-knee graduated compression stockings) or control group (
N
= 17; using regular socks). Participants competed in a half-ironman triathlon celebrated at 29 ± 3 °C and 73 ± 8 % of relative humidity. Race time was measured by means of chip timing. Pre- and post-race, maximal height and leg muscle power were measured during a countermovement jump. At the same time, blood myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations were determined and the triathletes were asked for perceived exertion and muscle soreness using validated scales.
Results
Total race time was not different between groups (315 ± 45 for the control group and 310 ± 32 min for the experimental group;
P
= 0.46). After the race, jump height (−8.5 ± 3.0 versus −9.2 ± 5.3 %;
P
= 0.47) and leg muscle power reductions (−13 ± 10 versus −15 ± 10 %;
P
= 0.72) were similar between groups. Post-race myoglobin (718 ± 119 versus 591 ± 100 μg/mL;
P
= 0.42) and creatine kinase concentrations (604 ± 137 versus 525 ± 69 U/L;
P
= 0.60) were not different between groups. Perceived muscle soreness (5.3 ± 2.1 versus 6.0 ± 2.0 arbitrary units;
P
= 0.42) and the rating of perceived effort (17 ± 2 versus 17 ± 2 arbitrary units;
P
= 0.58) were not different between groups after the race.
Conclusion
Wearing compression stockings did not represent any advantage for maintaining muscle function or reducing blood markers of muscle damage during a triathlon event.
Journal Article
Antioxidant responses to an acute ultra-endurance exercise: impact on DNA stability and indications for an increased need for nutritive antioxidants in the early recovery phase
by
Knasmüller, Siegfried
,
Valentini, Judit
,
Hoelzl, Christine
in
Adaptation, Physiological
,
Adult
,
alpha-tocopherol
2010
Antioxidant requirements have neither been defined for endurance nor been defined for ultra-endurance athletes. To verify whether an acute bout of ultra-endurance exercise modifies the need for nutritive antioxidants, we aimed (1) to investigate the changes of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in response to an Ironman triathlon; (2) to particularise the relevance of antioxidant responses to the indices of oxidatively damaged blood lipids, blood cell compounds and lymphocyte DNA and (3) to examine whether potential time-points of increased susceptibility to oxidative damage are associated with alterations in the antioxidant status. Blood that was collected from forty-two well-trained male athletes 2 d pre-race, immediately post-race, and 1, 5 and 19 d later was sampled. The key findings of the present study are as follows: (1) Immediately post-race, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and levels of the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, the ferric reducing ability of plasma and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays increased significantly. Exercise-induced changes in the plasma antioxidant capacity were associated with changes in uric acid, bilirubin and vitamin C. (2) Significant inverse correlations between ORAC levels and indices of oxidatively damaged DNA immediately and 1 d post-race suggest a protective role of the acute antioxidant responses in DNA stability. (3) Significant decreases in carotenoids and γ-tocopherol 1 d post-race indicate that the antioxidant intake during the first 24 h of recovery following an acute ultra-endurance exercise requires specific attention. Furthermore, the present study illustrates the importance of a diversified and well-balanced diet to maintain a physiological antioxidant status in ultra-endurance athletes in reference to recommendations.
Journal Article
Be IronFit : time-efficient training secrets for ultimate fitness
\"This updated volume features time-efficient training methods that have been honed over the years and [may] aid anyone in achieving his or her athletic dreams--from beginners to experienced competitors. This edition includes all-new training plans, new swim sessions, new athlete profiles, and state-of-the-art flexibility and core strength regimens\"--Page 4 of cover.
Sodium supplementation is not required to maintain serum sodium concentrations during an Ironman triathlon
2006
Context: Critical assessment of recommendations that athletes consume additional sodium during athletic events. Objective: To evaluate if sodium supplementation is necessary to maintain serum sodium concentrations during prolonged endurance activity and prevent the development of hyponatraemia. Design: Prospective randomised trial of athletes receiving sodium (620 mg table salt), placebo (596 mg starch), or no supplementation during a triathlon. The sodium and placebo tablets were taken ad libitum, with the suggested range of 1–4 per hour. Setting: The 2001 Cape Town Ironman triathlon (3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle, 42.2 km run). Subjects: A total of 413 triathletes completing the Ironman race. Main outcome measures: Sodium supplementation was not necessary to maintain serum sodium concentrations in athletes completing an Ironman triathlon nor required to prevent hyponatraemia from occurring in athletes who did not ingest supplemental sodium during the race. Results: Subjects in the sodium supplementation group ingested an additional 3.6 (2.0) g (156 (88) mmol) sodium during the race (all values are mean (SD)). There were no significant differences between the sodium, placebo, and no supplementation groups with regard to age, finishing time, serum sodium concentration before and after the race, weight before the race, weight change during the race, and rectal temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the race. The sodium supplementation group consumed 14.7 (8.3) tablets, and the placebo group took 15.8 (10.1) tablets (p = 0.55; NS). Conclusions: Ad libitum sodium supplementation was not necessary to preserve serum sodium concentrations in athletes competing for about 12 hours in an Ironman triathlon. The Institute of Medicine’s recommended daily adequate intake of sodium (1.5 g/65 mmol) seems sufficient for a healthy person without further need to supplement during athletic activity.
Journal Article
The dipsomania of great distance: water intoxication in an Ironman triathlete
2004
Of 371 athletes (62% of all finishers) whose weights were measured before and after the 226 km South African Ironman Triathlon, the athlete who gained the most weight (3.6 kg) during the race was the only competitor to develop symptomatic hyponatraemia. During recovery, he excreted an excess of 4.6 litres of urine. This case report again confirms that symptomatic hyponatraemia is caused by considerable fluid overload independent of appreciable NaCl losses. Hence prevention of the condition requires that athletes be warned not to drink excessively large volumes of fluid (dipsomania) during very prolonged exercise. This case report also shows that there is a delayed diuresis in this condition and that it is not caused by renal failure.
Journal Article
80/20 triathlon : discover the breakthrough elite-training formula for ultimate fitness and performance at all levels
\"Cutting-edge research has proven that triathletes and other endurance athletes experience their greatest performance when they do 80 percent of their training at low intensity and the remaining 20 percent at moderate to high intensity. But the vast majority of recreational triathletes are caught in the so-called \"moderate-intensity rut,\" spending almost half of their time training too hard--harder than the pros. Training harder isn't smarter; it actually results in low-grade chronic fatigue that prevents recreational athletes from getting the best results. In 80/20 Triathlon, Matt Fitzgerald and David Warden lay out the real-world and scientific evidence, offering concrete tips and strategies, along with complete training plans for every distance--Sprint, Olympic, Half-Ironman, and Ironman--to help athletes implement the 80/20 rule of intensity balance. Benefits include reduced fatigue and injury risk, improved fitness, increased motivation, and better race results\"-- Provided by publisher.
Chasing happiness : from businessman to ironman
2022
Chats to Christchurch man Peter Fitzweijers about the training involved in preparing for the upcoming Ironman World Championship race in Kona, Hawaii. Describes the stretch of road dubbed 'The Lab' that will be his biggest challenge. Explains the reason why he sold his business and refocused his life on family and ironman training. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Newspaper Article