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"Jordan Military policy."
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Trends in Caesarean section deliveries in Jordan from 1982 to 2017: retrospective analyses of annual hospital reports
Background: According to the World Health Organization, the ideal caesarean section rate is 10-15% but rates have increased worldwide over the past few decades. Data on caesarean section rates across all Jordanian health sectors over a long period, including recent data that could guide future healthcare policy and interventions, are currently unavailable. Aims: To investigate caesarean sections trends and identify indications (medical and sociodemographic) associated with caesarean sections in Jordanian health sectors. Methods: Medical records of 2.8 million births in Jordan in 1982-2017 were retrieved and analysed. CS trends were compared across health sectors (governmental, university, private, and military hospitals) and with trends in England, Lebanon and Islamic Republic of Iran. CS indications were established from retrospective data, based on 3799 CS births, in 2 hospitals (governmental and private). Results: The CS rate in Jordan increased over the study period from 5.8 (±1.9)% in 1982-1987 to 31.0 (±0.7)% in 2015-2017. The caesarean sections rate in Jordan was initially lower (1983-2006) then became comparable (2007-2014) to that in England, but lower compared to that in Lebanon (2011-2016). In 2015-2017, caesarean sections rates in Jordanian health sectors were: 40.4 (±2.6)% (university), 39.1 (±1.8)% (private), 36.1 (±0.2)% (military) and 27.4 (±0.7)% (governmental). Previous CS (33.6%), abnormal presentation (20.3%), and patient request (16%) were the most common indications. Conclusions: The CS rate in Jordan is on an alarming upward trend. Urgent action is needed to prevent further increase in CS rate, including provision of clear information, advice, and counselling to pregnant women, as well as strict adherence to high-quality medical guidelines.
Journal Article
The Nursing Profession in Jordan: Military Nurses Leading the Way
Military nurses have a remarkable role in leadership and policy influence in health and nursing. This role is an integral part of their efforts and contribution to strengthen the nursing profession and increase professional autonomy. This article discusses contributions of military nurses to enhance and influence nursing profession in Jordan. Military nurses’ contributions are evident in the improved image and status of nursing profession in Jordan as a result of their unique efforts to invest in the nursing workforce by providing leadership to improve health outcomes. We offer an overview of the nursing profession and describe the journey of military nursing in Jordan, informed by a focus group discussion conducted with 12 retired military nurse leaders. Three themes emerged from this discussion: enhancement of strong nursing leadership, policy, and decision making; investment in nursing education; and investment in the nursing workforce and practice. Current challenges of military nursing to maintain the legacy of military nursing in Jordan were identified. Ideas for the way forward are discussed to further strengthen the nursing profession in the military sector with some reflection about the national level. In conclusion, retired nurse leaders emphasized the need for more advocacy and active engagement of nurses at the policy and decision making levels in both health and non-health sectors.
Journal Article
THE ROLE OF THE GEOPOLITICAL POSITION OF THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN TOWARDS AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY FROM 1990 TO 2017
The role of the geopolitical location of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan towards United States (US) foreign policy from 1990 to 2017 is the focus of this study, which addressed the impact of important regional and international political events, positively or negatively, on the development of relations between the two countries in terms of political and security aspects. The study adopted a qualitative approach, and primary data was collected through interviews with 16 participants from political, economic, and security experts in Jordan and the US. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data obtained. The study concluded that US foreign policy recognizes Jordan as a close ally and considers its stability extremely important; Jordan has a suitable location to defend Israel because critical Arab countries surround it, and Jordan enjoys a unique geographical location in the Middle East. Some political events play an essential role in US foreign policy concerning security aid to Jordan, as the US links its aid to Jordan to political events.
Journal Article
The Palestine Conflict and the Militarization Of the Middle East
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute has found that, from 2016-2020, five of the top ten arms importing states were Arab Middle Eastern and North African states: Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Algeria, Qatar and the UAE. As a result of past, current or anticipated conflicts or domestic control uses, Middle Eastern states generally have armies that are over-sized in relation to their population, compared to other regions. The Egyptian army is 340,000 strong; Israel's regular armed forces number 169,500 with 465,000 reservists on stand-by when needed. Here, Gee discusses the militarization of the Middle east.
Journal Article
HUMANITARIAN DIPLOMACY STRATEGY FOR SYRIAN REFUGEES AND ITS EFFECT ON JORDAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
This research examined the effect of Jordan’s humanitarian diplomacy strategy for Syrian refugees on its foreign policy and attempted to determine whether the strategy is financially sustainable. Humanitarian diplomacy is persuading decision-makers and leaders worldwide to act at all times and in all circumstances in the best interest of vulnerable populations by completely respecting fundamental humanitarian principles. Jordan has allowed many Syrian refugees to cross over and settle in Jordan. This study used a qualitative systematic literature review and quantitative data from the UNHCR to determine the effect of the strategy on Jordan’s foreign policy and whether the strategy could be sustained. The findings showed that Jordan’s stature in terms of its foreign policy has grown, leading to bilateral agreements and participation in international negotiations. However, its humanitarian strategy may not be sustainable with the current level of funding. The funding from foreign countries and international organizations has been insufficient to support the growing number of Syrian refugees in Jordan. The literature on this topic is limited, and comprehensive quantitative research is recommended to determine the future effect of the strategy on health care and education for Syrian refugees in Jordan.
Journal Article
Beyond Boom and Bust: External Rents, Durable Authoritarianism, and Institutional Adaptation in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Drawing on recent critiques and advances in theories of the rentier state, this paper uses an in-depth case study of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to posit a new “supply and demand” approach to the study of external rents and authoritarian durability. The Jordanian rentier state is not exclusively a product of external rents, particularly foreign aid, but also of the demands of a coalition encompassing groups with highly disparate economic policy preferences. The breadth of the Hashemite coalition requires that the regime dispense rent-fueled side payments to coalition members through constructing distributive institutions. Yet neither rent supply nor coalition demands are static. Assisted by geopolitically motivated donors, the Hashemites have adapted institutions over time to tap a diverse supply of rents that range from economic and military aid to protocol trade, allowing them to retain power through periods of late development, domestic political crisis, and neoliberal conditionality.
Journal Article
Settlements and Ethnic Cleansing in the Jordan Valley
In recent years, the Israeli government has intensified its settlement activities in the Jordan Valley', an area viewed by the Palestinians, from an economic and natural resources perspective, as the future of the Palestinian state. Israel has demonstrated its priorities through continued expansion of Israeli settlements in the area, with significant political implications for future borders. The justifications given at the beginning were security reasons, but they have since shifted to political and economic reasons. The Israeli officials' statements were followed by settlement construction activity, in parallel with the publication of a strategic report by the Israeli NGO Council for Peace and Security, an NGO established by, and composed of, retired Israeli security officials. The report addressed Israeli security needs, and the government's claim that they require the state to retain control over the Jordan Valley territory, and to annex enormous geographical territory from the West Bank after reaching a political agreement.
Journal Article
The Rise of the Republic of Cyprus' Defence Diplomacy in Its Neighbourhood
Despite the fact that Cyprus is a small state in the international system, with all that this entails in the exercise of diplomatic practice, the Republic of Cyprus (R°C), particularly in the last ten years, has taken several initiatives for activities that fall in the realm of defence diplomacy. The overall objective of this article is to examine the bilateral defence diplomacy initiatives of the R°C with its neighbouring states in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Israel, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon in the period 2010 - 2017.
Journal Article