Explore the vast range of titles available.

Higher levels of positive affect have been associated with better physical health. While positive affect is seen as highly desirable among Westerners, East Asians tend to deemphasize positive affect. Using large probability samples of Japanese and U.S. adult populations, the present study examined the relations of positive affect with serum lipid profiles, known to be strongly predictive of risk for cardiovascular disease, and tested whether their associations depend on cultural contexts. As predicted, positive affect was associated with healthier lipid profiles for Americans but not for Japanese. Further analyses showed that this cultural moderation was mediated by body mass index. This study highlights the role of culture in the link between positive emotions and key biological risk factors of cardiovascular disease.

The ability of electrospray to propel large viruses into a mass spectrometer is established and is rationalized by analogy to the atmospheric transmission of the common cold. Much less clear is the fate of membrane-embedded molecular machines in the gas phase. Here we show that rotary adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases)/synthases from Thermus thermophilus and Enterococcus hirae can be maintained intact with membrane and soluble subunit interactions preserved in vacuum. Mass spectra reveal subunit stoichiometries and the identity of tightly bound lipids within the membrane rotors. Moreover, subcomplexes formed in solution and gas phases reveal the regulatory effects of nucleotide binding on both ATP hydrolysis and proton translocation. Consequently, we can link specific lipid and nucleotide binding with distinct regulatory roles.

La masa magra (MM) se asocia de forma inversa con la presencia de síndrome metabólico (SM) 1-3; asimismo, se ha observado que la acumulación de lípidos intramusculares (LIM), evaluados por espectroscopía por resonancia magnética nuclear (1 H-MRS), está incrementada en las personas con obesidad, resistencia a la insulina (RI) y disfunción mitocondrial muscular 4-6. Estos resultados sugieren que tener una mayor MM podría proteger contra la infiltración grasa en el músculo (mioesteatosis) y el SM. Para evaluar esto, exploramos la relación entre la MM (total y apendicular) y los LIM, medidos por 1 H-MRS, en una cohorte de adultos colombianos con factores de riesgo metabólicos.

Introduction. Physical exercise plays a fundamental role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially in older adults. Regular practice has a positive influence on the lipid profile, contributing to improved metabolic health and quality of life. Objective. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the effects of physical exercise on the lipid profile of older adults. Methods. To this end, a quasi-experimental study was conducted in Neiva, Colombia, with a sample of 50 older adults who met the inclusion criteria, such as being between 60 and 80 years of age, female and/or male, and having no medical restrictions. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 25: a control group (aerobic exercise; n = 25) and an experimental group (functional training; n = 25). A pretest was conducted to assess the lipid profile, after which participants attended 36 training sessions, three times per week, with an average duration of 50 minutes per session. At the end of the intervention, a posttest was administered to identify changes in the measured variables. Results. The results showed a statistically significant relationship in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in the experimental group (p = 0.00). Likewise, this group also exhibited positive changes in the reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, although these were not statistically significant. Conclusions. In this regard, it is concluded that physical exercise improves lipid profile variables such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides after 36 training sessions. Introdução: O exercício físico desempenha um papel fundamental na prevenção e no tratamento das doenças cardiovasculares, sobretudo nos idosos. A prática regular de exercício influencia positivamente o perfil lipídico, contribuindo para a melhoria da saúde metabólica e da qualidade de vida. Objectivo: Avaliar os efeitos do exercício físico no perfil lipídico dos idosos. Metodologia: Este estudo quase-experimental incluiu uma amostra de 50 idosos que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os participantes foram aleatoriamente alocados a dois grupos de 25: um grupo de controlo (exercício aeróbio) e um grupo experimental (treino funcional). Foi realizado um pré-teste para avaliar o perfil lipídico. Posteriormente, os participantes realizaram 36 sessões de treino, três vezes por semana, com uma duração média de 50 minutos. Foi aplicado um pós-teste no final de cada sessão para identificar alterações nas variáveis ​​medidas. Resultados: Foi encontrada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e triglicéridos no grupo experimental (p = 0,00). Este grupo também apresentou alterações positivas nos níveis de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), embora estas alterações não tenham sido estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: O exercício físico melhora as variáveis ​​do perfil lipídico, como o HDL, o LDL e os triglicéridos, após 36 sessões de treino. Introducción: El ejercicio físico desempeña un papel fundamental en la prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, especialmente en adultos mayores. Su práctica regular influye positivamente en el perfil lipídico, contribuyendo a mejorar la salud metabólica y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Establecer los efectos del ejercicio físico en el perfil lipídico de adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental, que contó con una muestra de 50 adultos mayores, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, los cuales fueron asignados de forma aleatoria en dos grupos de 25, quedando así un grupo control: 25 (aeróbicos) y un grupo experimental (entrenamiento funcional): 25. Se realizó un pretest donde se evaluó el perfil lipídico y posteriormente los participantes asistieron a 36 sesiones de entrenamiento, tres veces por semana, con una duración promedio de 50 minutos. Al finalizar el total de sesiones se administró el postest para identificar cambios en las variables medidas. Resultados: Existe una relación estadísticamente significativa en el valor de la Lipoproteína de alta densidad - HDL del grupo experimental (p = 0,00). Así mismo, este grupo tambien obtuvo cambios positivos en la disminución de los valores del Lipoproteína de baja densidad - LDL aunque no fueron estadísiticamente significactivos. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico mejora variables del perfil lipídico como la Lipoproteína de alta densidad - HDL, la Lipoproteína de baja densidad - LDL y triglicéridos tras 36 sesiones de entrenamiento.

Introduction: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) enables serum lipid clearance. Its polymorphism has been associated with dyslipidemia which, if persistent, leads to a proinflammatory state and the subsequent development of atherosclerosis. Objective: To determine the genotypic frequency of the APOE gene polymorphism and to evaluate its association with lipid profile and inflammatory markers in university students from Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia). Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 77 university students. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, ApoE polymorphism, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were analyzed by means of questionnaires, body measurements, and blood samples. A bivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the presence of dyslipidemia and the levels of inflammatory markers, sex, weekly physical activity level, and dietary pattern. Results: The mean age of the participants was 19 years and 62.34% were women. The most frequent polymorphism was ApoE rs429358 C/T (100%), followed by ApoE rs7412 C/C (97.40%), and ApoE rs7412 C/T (2.60%). All parameters assessed in the lipid profile, as well as IL-1β and IL-6, were higher in ApoE rs7412 C/C genotype carriers than in ApoE rs7412 C/T carriers. Furthermore, 70.13% had dyslipidemia. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα were higher in participants with dyslipidemia than in individuals without this condition, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The ApoE rs429358 C/T polymorphism was expressed in all participants, suggesting a genetic predisposition to dementia and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to the literature. ApoE rs7412 C/C carriers showed higher levels in all lipid profile parameters, IL-1β, and IL-6, demonstrating that lipid profile and inflammation markers are linked to the specific expression of APOE gene genotypes. Introducción. La apolipoproteína E (ApoE) permite el aclaramiento sérico de lípidos; su polimorfismo se ha asociado con dislipidemia que, si persiste, conduce a un estado proinflamatorio y al subsecuente desarrollo de aterosclerosis. Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia genotípica del polimorfismo del gen APOE y evaluar su relación con el perfil lipídico y marcadores inflamatorios en estudiantes universitarios en Pereira (Risaralda, Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Estudio trasversal descriptivo realizado en 77 estudiantes universitarios. Se analizaron las variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, polimorfismo de ApoE, perfil lipídico y marcadores inflamatorios mediante cuestionarios, mediciones físicas y muestras de sangre. Se realizó un análisis bivariado para evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de dislipidemia y niveles de marcadores inflamatorios, sexo, nivel de actividad física semanal y patrón dietético. Resultados. La edad media fue 19 años y 62.34% eran mujeres. El polimorfismo más frecuente fue ApoE rs429358 C/T (100%), seguido de ApoE rs7412 C/C (97.40%) y ApoE rs7412 C/T (2.60%). Todos los parámetros evaluados en el perfil lipídico, así como la IL-1β y la IL-6, fueron más altos en los portadores del genotipo ApoE rs7412 C/C que en los portadores de ApoE rs7412 C/T. Además, 70.13% tenían dislipidemia. Los niveles de IL-1β, IL-6 y TNFα fueron más altos en los participantes con dislipidemia que en aquellos sin esta condición, pero las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión. El polimorfismo ApoE rs429358 C/T fue expresado en todos los participantes, sugiriendo una predisposición genética a demencia y enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares según la literatura. Los portadores de ApoE rs7412 C/C mostraron niveles más altos en todos los parámetros del perfil lipídico, IL-1β e IL-6, demostrando que el perfil lipídico y los marcadores de la inflamación están ligados a la expresión específica de los genotipos del gen APOE.

The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of physical exercise and subsequent detraining on histological and morphometric parameters of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Also investigated were insulin and glucose tolerance. It was an experimental study with three groups: continuous moderate-intensity training (CMIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and a control group (CG). Three assessments were carried out: pre-intervention, after 8 weeks of training, and after 4 weeks of detraining. A generalized estimation equation was performed for (group x moment), with Bonferroni post-hoc for group and moment in the analysis of adipocyte area and weight. A one-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the decay rate and the area under the curve between groups. For the intragroup study, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc was performed. An increase was observed between T2 and T3 in the area of perilumbar adipose tissue (747.3 ± 28.4 µm2 vs. 853.0 ± 15.7 µm2, p ≤ 0.01) and perirenal (770.3 ± 11.4 µm2 vs. 830 .9 ± 18.6 µm2, p ≤ 0.01) regardless of the group, as well as an increase in the subscapular BAT area from T1 to T3 (419.9 ± 38.5 µm2 vs. 751.8 ± 27.5 µm2, p ≤ 0.001). The weights of perirenal, perilumbar, and subscapular brown adipose tissues were lower in HIIT and CMIT compared to the CG (p ≤ 0.001). It was observed that after detraining, the calculation of the decline in glycemia showed a statistically significant difference (F = 8.79; p = 0.005) between CG and HIIT (0.78 % vs. 1.82 %), with a higher average percentage for HIIT. It is concluded that 8 weeks of CMIT and HIIT are efficient for weight control and adipose tissue area; however, this control is lost after 4 weeks of detraining, and even after this period, HIIT showed better insulin sensitivity. Keywords: Exercise; Lipids; Adipose tissue; General adaptation syndrome; Supercompensation.

The influence of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MOLE) on the nutritional properties, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, microbial composition and physicochemical characteristics of mutton patties during refrigerated storage was explored. The mutton patties were processed by incorporating different amounts (1, 2, 3 and 5%) of MOLE except for the control sample. The inclusion of MOLE significantly increased (p < .05) the protein (21.75%), ash (2.73%), total phenolic (41.96 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (20.93 mg CE/g) contents of mutton patties while moisture and fat contents decreased during storage. Lipid oxidation and microbial growth significantly increased while pH values of raw patties decreased. The lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*) values significantly decreased; while hue angle (H°) value increased. The inclusion of MOLE exhibited cooking yield and moisture retention values of 66.68 and 67.32, respectively. The study results show that MOLE can be utilised as natural antioxidant and preservative of mutton patties.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism whereby the interactions between the endogenous proteins, lipids and starches present in foxtail millet affected the in vitro hydrolysis of starch. Prior proteolysis of the protein matrix significantly increased the enzymatic hydrolysis of foxtail millet starch, suggesting that it is possible that non-surface proteins (i.e. the protein matrix) can retard the rate of starch degradation by acting as a physical barrier between starch and amylase. Furthermore, confocal microscopy demonstrated that the proteins in foxtail millet bind competitively with starch to α-amylase, partially decreasing the activity of α-amylase. In addition, as a result of complexing with the fatty acids, foxtail millet starch had a significantly reduced hydrolysis rate. Therefore, we conclude that the interactions between endogenous proteins and lipids with starch plays a significant role in the hypoglycemic properties of foxtail millet.

In order to provide a basis for understand the potential of nisin and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) single use on replace or reduce nitrite in dry cured meat products, this study evaluated the effect of nisin and ε-PL on the microbial communities, biogenic amine (BA) formation, and lipid oxidation during storage in Chinese dry sausages not packaged. Our results revealed that the total proportion of the potentially beneficial bacteria (Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Staphylococcus) were 22.6%-34.8% in the control, 19.5%-48.2% in the nisin treatment, and 16.2% −22.4% in the ε-PL treatment. The ε-PL had significantly lower total biogenic amine concentrations before 10 days. Putrescine (67.1-275 mg/kg) and tyramine (30.4-216 mg/kg) are the two main BAs in all treatments of dry sausages. Staphylococcus, Proteus, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella were the main bacteria genera that had a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation to BAs accumulations. Except for day 10, nisin and ε-PL treatments could significantly reduce lipid oxidation during storage.

Introduction: there is a recent increase in interest in the use of medicinal and phytotherapeutic plants. Objective: to verify the effect of ethanolic extracts from different parts of fruits of two species of the genus Syzygium, on glucose and lipid levels in the blood, using animal models. Results: the bark extract of the seeds of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels proved to be effective in reducing blood glucose levels. This same extract was also effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels. The extract from the seed nuclei of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and S. paniculatum(Gaertn) were effective in reducing blood triglyceride levels. Extracts from all parts of the fruits of S. cumini (Lamarck) Skeels and of the seed nuclei of S. panic-ulatum (Gaertn) prevented weight gain in the animals. Conclusion: in general, the seed extract of both species showed a direct influence on the parameters and characteristics under study.