Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
33,270
result(s) for
"LAM"
Sort by:
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Toxicological, and Pharmacological Properties of Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam.: A Comprehensive Review
Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. (Rhamnaceae) is a plant species found across the Mediterranean area. This comprehensive overview aims to summarize the botanical description and ethnobotanical uses of Z. lotus and its phytochemical compounds derived with recent updates on its pharmacological and toxicological properties. The data were collected from electronic databases including the Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Google Scholars. It can be seen from the literature that Z. lotus is traditionally used to treat and prevent several diseases including diabetes, digestive problems, urinary tract problems, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, neurological diseases, and dermal problems. The extracts of Z. lotus demonstrated several pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-oxidant, antimicrobials, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-proliferative, anti-spasmodic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effects. The phytochemical characterization of Z. lotus extracts revealed the presence of over 181 bioactive compounds including terpenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids. Toxicity studies on Z. lotus showed that extracts from this plant are safe and free from toxicity. Thus, further research is needed to establish a possible relationship between traditional uses, plant chemistry, and pharmacological properties. Furthermore, Z. lotus is quite promising as a medicinal agent, so further clinical trials should be conducted to prove its efficacy.
Journal Article
Effectiveness and safety of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS): a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDD) is emerging as an alternative technique for biliary drainage in patients who fail conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are being increasingly used for CDD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CDD using LAMS.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of multiple databases through May 2019 to identify studies on CDD using covered self-expanding metal stents. Pooled rates of technical success, clinical success, adverse events, and recurrent jaundice associated with CDD using LAMS were estimated. A subgroup analysis was performed based on use of LAMS with electrocautery-enhanced delivery system (EC-LAMS).ResultsSeven studies on CDD using LAMS (with 284 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled rates of technical and clinical success (per-protocol analysis) were 95.7% (95% CI 93.2–98.1) and 95.9% (95% CI 92.8–98.9), respectively. Pooled rate of post-procedure adverse events was 5.2% (95% CI 2.6–7.9). Pooled rate of recurrent jaundice was 8.7% (95% CI 4.5–12.8).On subgroup analysis of CDD using EC-LAMS (5 studies with 201 patients), the pooled rates of technical and clinical success (per-protocol analysis) were 93.8% (95% CI 90.4–97.1) and 95.9% (95% CI 91.9–99.9), respectively. Pooled rate of post-procedure adverse events was 5.6% (95% CI 1.7–9.5). Pooled rate of recurrent jaundice was 11.3% (95% CI 6.9–15.7). Heterogeneity (I2) was low to moderate in the analyses.ConclusionCDD using LAMS/EC-LAMS is an effective and safe technique for biliary decompression in patients who failed ERCP. Further studies are needed to assess CDD using LAMS as primary treatment modality for biliary obstruction.
Journal Article
Forensics : cool women who investigate
\"Compelling stories of real-life forensic scientists provide role models that readers can look toward for examples of success\"--Alibris.
Book
Higher Onshore Wind Energy Potentials Revealed by Kilometer‐Scale Atmospheric Modeling
Reliable and highly resolved information about onshore wind energy potential (WEP) is essential for expanding renewable energy to eventually achieve carbon neutrality. In this pilot study, simulated 60 m wind speeds (ws60m) from a km‐scale, convection‐permitting 3.3 km‐resolution ICON‐LAM simulation and often‐used 31 km‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis are evaluated at 18 weather masts. The estimated ICON‐LAM and ERA5 WEPs are then compared using an innovative approach with 1.8 million eligible wind turbine placements over southern Africa. Results show ERA5 underestimates ws60m with a Mean Error (ME) of −1.8 m s−1 (−27%). In contrast, ICON‐LAM shows a ME of −0.1 m s−1 (−1.8%), resulting in a much higher average WEP by 48% compared to ERA5. A combined Global Wind Atlas‐ERA5 product reduces the ws60m underestimation of ERA5 to −0.3 m s−1 (−4.7%), but shows a similar average WEP compared to ERA5 resulting from the WEP spatial heterogeneity.
Plain Language Summary
Onshore wind energy is expected to play a major role in the global energy transition. However, reliable and highly resolved information on the onshore wind energy potential (WEP) crucial for expansion planning is missing over southern Africa. This study evaluated high resolution 3.3 km ICON‐LAM atmospheric simulations and 31 km ERA5 reanalysis against 60 m wind speed (ws60m) observations and compared the corresponding derived WEPs. The results show that ERA5 underestimates ws60m by 27%, resulting in a 48% lower WEP assessment than ICON‐LAM, whose ws60m simulation results show a very small bias. Underestimation of wind energy yields may hinder further expansion of wind energy, as less economic performance is expected, which underlines the importance of highly resolved weather data.
Key Points
Simulated ERA5 and km‐scale ICON‐LAM wind speeds are evaluated and corresponding southern Africa wind energy potentials are calculated
ERA5 underestimates 60 m wind speed, whereas ICON‐LAM produces lower biases in the wind speed simulations
Higher wind energy potentials are revealed from wind speeds simulated by ICON‐LAM compared to ERA5, which is often used for such assessments
Journal Article
Diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of Determine TB-LAM for routine diagnostic testing for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients requiring acute hospital admission in South Africa: a prospective cohort
Background
We previously reported that one-third of HIV-positive adults requiring medical admission to a South African district hospital had laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) and that almost two-thirds of cases could be rapidly diagnosed using Xpert MTB/RIF-testing of concentrated urine samples obtained on the first day of admission. Implementation of urine-based, routine, point-of-care TB screening is an attractive intervention that might be facilitated by use of a simple, low-cost diagnostic tool, such as the Determine TB-LAM lateral-flow rapid test for HIV-associated TB.
Methods
Sputum, urine and blood samples were systematically obtained from unselected HIV-positive adults within 24 hours of admission to a South African township hospital. Additional clinical samples were obtained during hospitalization as clinically indicated. TB was defined by the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in any sample using Xpert MTB/RIF or liquid culture. The diagnostic yield, accuracy and prognostic value of urine-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) testing were determined, but urine-LAM results did not inform treatment decisions.
Results
Consecutive HIV-positive adult acute medical admissions not already receiving TB treatment (
n
= 427) were enrolled regardless of clinical presentation or symptoms. TB was diagnosed in 139 patients (TB prevalence 32.6%; median CD4 count 80 cells/μL). In the first 24 hours of admission, sputum (spot and/or induced) samples were obtained from 37.0% of patients and urine samples from 99.5% of patients (
P
< 0.001). The diagnostic yields from these specimens were 19.4% (
n
= 27/139) for sputum-microscopy, 26.6% (
n
= 37/139) for sputum-Xpert, 38.1% (
n
= 53/139) for urine-LAM and 52.5% (
n
= 73/139) for sputum-Xpert/urine-LAM combined (
P
< 0.01). Corresponding yields among patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/μL were 18.9%, 24.3%, 55.4% and 63.5%, respectively (
P
< 0.01). The diagnostic yield of urine-LAM was unrelated to respiratory symptoms, and LAM assay specificity (using a grade-2 cut-off) was 98.9% (274/277; 95% confidence interval [CI] 96.9–99.8). Among TB cases, positive urine-LAM status was strongly associated with mortality at 90 days (adjusted hazard ratio 4.20; 95% CI 1.50–11.75).
Conclusions
Routine testing for TB in newly admitted HIV-positive adults using Determine TB-LAM to test urine provides major incremental diagnostic yield with very high specificity when used in combination with sputum testing and has important utility among those without respiratory TB symptoms and/or unable to produce sputum. The assay also rapidly identifies individuals with a poor prognosis.
Journal Article
Evaluation of the Saponin Content in Panax vietnamensis Acclimatized to Lam Dong Province by HPLC–UV/CAD
Panax vietnamensis, or Vietnamese ginseng (VG), an endemic Panax species in Vietnam, possesses a unique saponin profile and interesting biological activities. This plant is presently in danger of extinction due to over-exploitation, resulting in many preservation efforts towards the geographical acclimatization of VG. Yet, no information on the saponin content of the acclimatized VG, an important quality indicator, is available. Here, we analyzed the saponin content in the underground parts of two- to five-year-old VG plants acclimatized to Lam Dong province. Nine characteristic saponins, including notoginsenoside-R1, ginsenoside-Rg1, -Rb1, -Rd, majonoside-R1, -R2 vina-ginsenoside-R2, -R11, and pseudoginsenoside-RT4, were simultaneously determined by HPLC coupled with UV and with a charged aerosol detector (CAD). Analyzing the results illustrated that the detection of characteristic ocotillol-type saponins in VG by CAD presented a superior capacity compared with that of UV, thus implying a preferential choice of CAD for the analysis of VG. The quantitative results indicating the saponin content in the underground parts of VG showed an increasing tendency from two to five years old, with the root and the rhizome exhibiting different saponin accumulation patterns. This is the first study that reveals the preliminary success of VG acclimatization and thereby encourages the continuing efforts to develop this valuable saponin-rich plant.
Journal Article
Chalcone constituents pulincisones A-F isolated from Pulicaria incisa with NQO1 inducer activity
Previously unknown chalcones such as
β
’-chalcanone-
α
,
β
-diols and a
β
-hydroxydihydrochalcone, named pulincisone A-F as well as known chalcone analogs 3,4,2’,4’,6’,7,8-heptahydroxy-7(8)-dihydrochalcone (
7
) and 4,2’,6’-trihydroxy-4’-methoxydihydrochalcone (
8
) were isolated from
Pulicaria incisa
(Lam.) DC. and assayed for cancer preventative activity. Structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Pulincisone A and B, are epimers, at stereocenter C-8. A structural revision resulted in pulicisone A (
1
) and D (
4
) replacing pulichalconoids B and C, that were previously reported from the same species. Isolated chalcones were assessed for chemopreventive potential as inducers of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Compounds
2
,
3
,
5
, and
6
induced NQO1, using a Prochaska assay. NQO1 protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. Compound
6
among four active compounds had the highest potency as NQO1 inducers. Molecular docking analysis of the NQO1 Keap1 Kelch domain suggests Nrf2-dependent induction. These data indicate that pulincisone F (
6
) is a promising bioactive antioxidant (NQO1-inducer) with superior docking scores with the Keap1-Nrf2 complex compared to the reference NQO1 inducer sulforaphane (− 8.26 versus − 5.08 kcal mol
-
, respectively).
Journal Article