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"Lentils"
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Bilal cooks daal
Bilal and his father invite his friends to help make his favorite dish, daal, then all must wait patiently for it to be done.
Book
The lentil : botany, production and uses / edited by William Erskine and others
This book provides a comprehensive review of current lentil research. It contains 26 chapters covering topics on lentil global production, supply and demand; origin, phylogeny, domestication and spread; plant morphology, anatomy and growth habit; agroecology and adaptation; genetic resources collection, characterization, conservation and documentation; genetic enhancement for yield and yield stability; breeding for short season environments; improvement in Developed Countries; advances in molecular research; breeding and management to minimize the effects of drought and improve water use efficiency; soil nutrient management; cropping systems; biological nitrogen fixation and soil health improvement; mechanization; disease, pest and weed management; seed quality; postharvest processing and value addition; and food preparation and use. The last chapter presents field-based evidence of adoption of improved lentil cultivars from two cases: Bangladesh and Ethiopia.
eBook
The Interactional Characterization of Lentil Protein Isolate and Their Effect on the Stability and Antioxidant Activity of C3G
The interaction between lentil protein isolate (LPI) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was investigated via with UV–vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy and the stability of anthocyanin was also evaluated. After LPI mixed with C3G, the turbidity and foaming capacity increased and the particle size and surface charge did not change significantly, while the surface hydrophobicity decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The fluorescence results indicated that C3G quenched the intrinsic of LPI by static quenching and LPI bound with C3G via hydrophobic effects with Ka of 3.24 × 106 M[sup.−1] at 298 K. The addition of LPI significantly (p < 0.05) slightly decreased the thermal and oxidation degradation of C3G by up to 90.23% and 54.20%, respectively, while their antioxidant activity was inhibited upon mixing. These alterations of physicochemical properties might be attributed to their structural changes during the interaction. The obtained results would be of help in stabilizing bioactive compounds and the development of functional foods.
Journal Article
Polyphenol-Rich Lentils and Their Health Promoting Effects
Lentil (Lens culinaris; Family: Fabaceae) is a potential functional dietary ingredient which has polyphenol-rich content. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of lentil is immensely connected to the reduction in the incidence of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancers and cardiovascular diseases due to its bioactive compounds. There has been increasing scientific interest in the study area of lentils as the functional food due to its high nutritive value, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds. These polyphenols and the bioactive compounds found in lentil play an important role in the prevention of those degenerative diseases in humans. Besides that, it has health-promoting effects. Based on the in vitro, in-vivo and clinical studies, the present review focuses to provide more information on the nutritional compositions, bioactive compounds including polyphenols and health-promoting effects of lentils. Health-promoting information was gathered and orchestrated at a suitable place in the review.
Journal Article
Enhancement of plant growth in lentil
This study was conducted in order to test the effect of seed pretreatment or exogenous application through the rooting medium of 0.1 mM Salicylic Acid (SA) and 0.1 mM hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) on growth, nutritional behavior and some biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters, oxidative stress indicators and antioxidant enzymes activities) of lentil plants (Lens culinaris) under 75 mM salt stress. Our results demonstrated that salt stress noticeably reduced shoot and root DWs by 39.01 and 42.81%, respectively, as compared to controls. This reduction was associated with a significant decrease in all photosynthetic parameters, including Chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car), net assimilation of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and internal CO.sub.2 level (Ci), an accumulation of Na.sup.+ and Cl.sup.- and a decrease of K.sup.+ and Ca.sup.2+ concentrations in plant shoots and roots. In addition, relative to control plants, salt stress remarkably increased the malondialdehyde MDA and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 contents especially in roots and increased GPOX and SOD activities, especially in plant shoots. Both methods of SA and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 application recovered the plant growth, enhanced shoot and root DWs (increase of 67.65 and 82.36% in shoots and roots, respectively, as compared to salt-stressed plants) and increased all parameters that were reduced by NaCl treatment. Nevertheless, the most prominent effects of SA and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 on plant growth were obtained with the seed priming method. Thus, SA and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 applications, especially the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 seed priming method, induced the antioxidant system, improved the membrane stability and ameliorated the gas exchange parameters. As compared to salt plant stressed, Na.sup.+ and Cl.sup.- contents were significantly decreased and K.sup.+ and Ca.sup.2+ were significantly increased in shoots and roots following SA and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 applications, especially with the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 seed priming method. Similarly, this method was more efficient in alleviating the adverse effects of salt stress on all photosynthetic pigment contents and measured gas exchange parameters. Compared to salt stressed plants, it significantly decreased the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and MDA contents and further stimulated GPOX and SOD activities. Our results indicated that the seed priming method, particularly with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, could be recommended for obtaining better growth of lentil seedlings under salt-affected soil conditions.
Journal Article
Classification of deep image features of lentil varieties with machine learning techniques
Today, image classification methods are widely utilized on agricultural products or in agricultural applications. However, many of these methods based on traditional approaches remain unsatisfactory in terms of obtaining effective results. Within this context, this study aimed to classify lentil images by machine learning algorithms, a current and effective method. In line with this purpose, first of all, a camera system was prepared primarily and a dataset was created by recording lentil grains at 225 × 225 resolution via this system. The dataset contains a total of 33,938 data obtained from 3 lentil species as green, yellow, and red. SqueezeNet, InceptionV3, DeepLoc, and VGG16 architectures, among the CNN methods, were used in order to extract features from the recorded images. Lastly, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AB), and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms were utilized with the aim of creating models for lentil images’ classification. The classification success of the created machine learning models was calculated and the results were analyzed. The highest classification success with the deep features obtained from the SqueezeNet model, 99.80%, was achieved in the ANN algorithm. The results also revealed that grain size and shape features in image classification can yield much more detailed and precise data than can be obtained practically with manual quality assessment.
Journal Article
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lentil protein concentrate for modification of physicochemical and techno-functional properties
The effects of hydrolysis by commercial food-grade proteases on the physicochemical and techno-functional properties of lentil protein concentrate were investigated. Lentil protein concentrate was hydrolysed with Alcalase, Novozym 11028 or Flavourzyme, and a control was prepared without enzyme addition under the same conditions. Differences in specificity between the three proteases were evident in the electrophoretic protein profile, reversed-phase HPLC peptide profile, and free amino acid composition. Alcalase and Novozym were capable of extensively degrading all the major protein fractions. Alcalase or Novozym treatment resulted in considerably higher solubility under acidic conditions compared to the control. Flavourzyme treatment resulted in moderately improved solubility in the acidic range, but slightly lower solubility at pH 7. Alcalase treatment resulted in slightly larger particle size and slightly higher viscosity. The foaming properties of the protein concentrate were not significantly affected by hydrolysis. Increased solubility in acidic conditions with hydrolysis could broaden the range of food and beverage applications for lentil protein concentrate.
Journal Article
Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of lentil
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in regulating many of the plant's metabolic activities by enhancing physiological functions and stimulating biological activities such as nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient uptake in the soil rhizosphere environment. Inoculants of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria serve as an eco-friendly alternative technology that positively influences both soil sustainability and plant growth. The majority of North Shewa highland areas are characterized by low available phosphorus, primarily acidic, and exhibit strong phosphorus absorption. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of lentils and characterize their phosphate solubilizing activity. The cultural, biochemical, physiological microbial analysis was conducted in the microbiology laboratory, department of biology. Pikovskaya's medium was utilized for the isolation, screening, and maintenance of phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria were isolated using tri-calcium phosphate as the sole source of phosphorus in indicator plates. Fifteen phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from lentil rhizosphere soil samples, among which six were the most efficient phosphate solubilizers designated as PSBYE, PSBYR, PSBYM, PSBYL, PSBW, and PSBSW. All isolates notably solubilized tri-calcium phosphate compared to the uninoculated control. The highest phosphorous solubilization was observed from the isolate PSBYL, with a value of 10.61mg/50ml, followed by PSBW with a value of 9.08 mg/50ml. The decrease in pH value correlated with the levels of tri-phosphate solubilization in the PVK broth by the PSB isolates. The pH dropped to 4.64 from the initial pH of 7.2 when grown in the broth, which suggests that the production of organic acids is likely the primary mechanism for phosphate solubilization.
Journal Article
New culture medium from Lentils (Lens exculenta) seeds for growth Leishmania parasite and some bacteria and fungi
The Lentils ( Lens exculenta ) were used in research of a new culture medium aimed at the growth of leishmania parasite in vitro. The medium was composed of two phases. The Lens exculenta was used in preparation (with or without added misshapen blood). In the liquid phase, dextrolite solution was used as an oral perfusion solution, instead of lock solution. This study showed increased in numbers of promasitgote in new culture media and this The study showed an increase in the growth of the shape in the center of the plant, and that this increase and the number of parasites was a significant increase compared to the center of NNN-media. The average number of parasites on the eighth day of growth, which represents the peak growth in these groups (2425 and 2650) ×10 4 cell/ml, respectively. The growth of the parasite continued but at a lower rate and good viability until the twentieth day the number of parasites reached to (500 and 466.6) ×10 4 cell/ml, respectively. This study showed that the percentage of the parasite viability was good and increased from the second day to the highest on the eighth day (96 % and 95%) respectively. On the 20 th day, it was only (30% and 15 %) respectively. Blood added to the new medium receives good growth but lasts only 14 days with no subculture.
Journal Article
Membrane filtration and isoelectric precipitation technological approaches for the preparation of novel, functional and sustainable protein isolate from lentils
Isoelectric precipitation and ultrafiltration were investigated for their potential to produce protein products from lentils. Higher protein concentrations were obtained when ultrafiltration was used (> 90%), whereas isoelectric precipitation resulted in higher contents of dietary fibre and some minerals (i.e., sodium and phosphorus). Differences in the functional properties between the two ingredients were found as the isoelectric precipitated ingredient showed lower protein solubilities over the investigated pH range (from 3 to 9) which can be linked to the slightly higher hydrophobicity values (2688.7) and total sulfhydryl groups (23.9 µM/g) found in this sample. In contrast, the protein ingredient obtained by ultrafiltration was superior with regard to its solubility (48.3%; pH 7), fat-binding capacity (2.24 g/g), water holding capacity (3.96 g/g), gelling properties (11%; w/w), and foam-forming capacity (69.6%). The assessment of the environmental performance showed that both LPIs exhibited promising properties and low carbon footprints in comparison to traditional dairy proteins.
Journal Article