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"Library architecture Case studies."
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Managing Technological Change in the Digital Age: The Role of Architectural Frames
Inspired by Herbert Simon's notion of nearly decomposable systems, researchers have examined modularity as a powerful approach to manage technological change in product innovation. We articulate this approach as the hierarchy-of-parts architecture and explain how it emphasizes decomposition of a design into loosely coupled parts and subsequent aggregation of these into an industrial product. To realize the scale benefits of modularity, firms successively freeze design specifications before production and therefore only allow limited windows of functionality design and redesign. This makes it difficult to take advantage of the increased speed by which digitized products can be developed and modified. To address this problem, we draw on Christopher Alexander's notion of design patterns to introduce a complementary approach to manage technological change that is resilient to digital technology. We articulate this approach as the network-of-patterns architecture and explain how it emphasizes generalization of ideas into patterns and subsequent specialization of patterns for different design purposes. In response to the increased digitization of industrial products, we demonstrate the value of complementing hierarchy-of-parts thinking with network-of-patterns thinking through a case study of infotainment architecture at an automaker. As a result, we contribute to the literature on managing products in the digital age: we highlight the properties of digital technology that increase the speed by which digitized products can be redesigned; we offer the notion of architectural frames and propose hierarchy-of-parts and network-of-patterns as frames to support innovation of digitized products; and, we outline an agenda for future research that reconsiders the work of Simon and Alexander as well as their followers to address key challenges in innovating digitized products.
Journal Article
Digital twins, big data governance, and sustainable tourism
The rapid adoption of digital technologies has revolutionized business operations and introduced emerging concepts such as Digital Twin (DT) technology, which has the potential to predict system responses before they occur, making it an attractive option for smart and sustainable tourism. However, implementing DT software systems poses significant challenges, including compliance with regulations and effective communication among stakeholders, and concerns surrounding security, privacy, and trust with the use of big data. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a documentation framework for architectural decisions (DFAD) that applies the concept of big data governance to the digital system. The framework aims to ensure accountability, transparency, and trustworthiness while adhering to rules and regulations. To demonstrate its applicability, a case study and three case scenarios on the potential use of Mobile Positioning Data (MPD) in Indonesia for DT technology in smart and sustainable tourism were examined. The paper highlights the benefits of DFAD in shaping stakeholder communication and human–machine interactions while leveraging the potential of MPD to measure tourism statistics by Statistics Indonesia since 2016. Not only the documentation framework promotes compliance with regulations, but it also facilitates effective communication among stakeholders and enhances trust and transparency in the use of big data in DT technology for smart and sustainable tourism. This paper emphasizes the importance of effective big data governance and its potential to promote sustainable tourism practices. The multidisciplinarity approach on political science, software engineering, tourism, and official statistics provides an opportunity for academic contribution and decision-making processes.
Journal Article
A Design Theory for Digital Platforms Supporting Online Communities: A Multiple Case Study
This research proposes and validates a design theory for digital platforms that support
online communities (DPsOC). It addresses ways in which digital platforms can effectively
support social interactions in online communities. Drawing upon prior literature on IS
design theory, online communities, and platforms, we derive an initial set of propositions
for designing effective DPsOC. Our overarching proposition is that three components of
digital platform architecture (core, interface, and complements) should collectively
support the mix of the three distinct types of social interaction structures of online
community (information sharing, collaboration, and collective action). We validate the
initial propositions and generate additional insights by conducting an in-depth analysis
of an European digital platform for elderly care assistance. We further validate the
propositions by analyzing three widely used digital platforms, including Twitter,
Wikipedia, and Liquidfeedback, and we derive additional propositions and insights that can
guide DPsOC design. We discuss the implications of this research for research and
practice.
Journal Article
The Use of Transparent Structures to Improve Light Comfort in Library Spaces and Minimize Energy Consumption: A Case Study of Warsaw, Poland
Light plays a key role in shaping the quality and atmosphere of interior spaces, and its importance and contradictions are amplified in the design of libraries. This study focuses on the problems associated with both insufficient natural light and excessive light. In both cases, visual discomfort is the result. The reason for these problems lies in the use of translucent structures with different parameters and properties in library architecture. This study analyzed the lighting environment in the main reading rooms of two university libraries in Warsaw. The research methods were based on a field survey of objects and an analysis of the architectural and construction parameters of the premises, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of various types of translucent materials used in the reading rooms. The results of this study shed light on the relationship between the interior space of the reading room and the geometry of transparent structures, as well as the effectiveness of daylighting in libraries in the natural conditions of Warsaw. The key point of the present study was to recognize the critical role that transparent materials and structures play in mitigating potential operational problems in library spaces. Wise selection of these elements at the design stage can help minimize problems related to thermal energy regulation, ventilation control, acoustic insulation, and increased visual comfort. The importance of this research area lies in its potential to optimize library buildings by increasing energy efficiency and reducing reliance on artificial lighting, heating, and air conditioning. Careful consideration of transparent materials at the design stage promises long-term benefits in the form of sustainable library spaces that not only meet functional requirements, but also contribute to a more environmentally conscious architectural landscape.
Journal Article
Selene: a PyTorch-based deep learning library for sequence data
To enable the application of deep learning in biology, we present Selene (https://selene.flatironinstitute.org/), a PyTorch-based deep learning library for fast and easy development, training, and application of deep learning model architectures for any biological sequence data. We demonstrate on DNA sequences how Selene allows researchers to easily train a published architecture on new data, develop and evaluate a new architecture, and use a trained model to answer biological questions of interest.Selene is a deep learning library that enables the expansion of existing deep learning models to new data, the development of new model architectures, and the evaluation of these new models on biological sequence data.
Journal Article
A cloud-based supply chain management system: effects on supply chain responsiveness
Purpose
Despite the ongoing calls for the incorporation of the cloud utility model, the effect of the cloud on elements of supply chain performance is still an evolving area of research. The purpose of this paper is to develop the architecture of a cloud-based supply chain management (C-SCM) ecosystem and explore how it enhances supply chain responsiveness (SCR).
Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors discuss the potential benefits that cloud computing can yield, compared to existing mature SCM information systems and solutions through a comprehensive literature review. The authors conceptualise SCR in terms of the level of visibility in the supply chain, supply chain flexibility and rapid detection and reaction to changes, and then the authors build the detailed architecture of a C-SCM system. The proposed ecosystem introduces a view of SCM and the associated practices when transferred to cloud environments. The potential to enhance SCR through the cloud is explored with scenarios on a case of supply chain operations in fashion retail industry.
Findings
The findings show that the proposed system can enhance all three dimensions of SCR. Implications for supply chain practice and how companies can migrate to a cloud supply chain are drawn.
Originality/value
Given that the development, creation and delivery of goods and services are increasingly becoming a joint effort of several parties in a supply chain, the authors contribute to the existing literature by introducing a comprehensive C-SCM system and show how companies can enhance their SCR.
Journal Article
Libraries
Der Bautyp Bibliotheken unterlag in den letzten zehn Jahren einem enormen Wandel. Meilensteine wie Rem Koolhaas‘ Stadtbibliothek in Seattle von 2004 definierten den Typus komplett neu und spiegelten die Entwicklung vom elitären Bildungstempel hin zum öffentlichen Wohnzimmer. Mischformen zwischen Bibliothek und Kaufhaus oder Theater entstanden. Zudem ist die Allgegenwart elektronischer Medien planerisch zu berücksichtigen; jede neue Bibliothek enthält heute Bereiche komplett ohne Bücher. Dieses Grundlagenwerk stellt in einem breiten systematischen Teil die entwurflichen, technischen und planerischen Voraussetzungen des Bibliotheksbaus dar. Spezialaspekte wie RFID, Zeichensysteme, Akustik oder besondere statische Anforderungen werden in eigenen Beiträgen von Experten erläutert. In vier Kategorien – Nationalbibliotheken, große öffentliche Bibliotheken, kleine öffentliche Bibliotheken, wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken – werden schließlich ca. 40 internationale wegweisende Projekte dokumentiert, darunter Jo Coenens Openbare Bibliotheek Amsterdam, Alvaro Sizas Kleinod der Stadtbibliothek für Viana do Castelo oder Mecanoos 2013 eröffnete Library of Birmingham.
eBook
Design Theory for Dynamic Complexity in Information Infrastructures: The Case of Building Internet
We propose a design theory that tackles dynamic complexity in the design for Information Infrastructures (IIs) defined as a shared, open, heterogeneous and evolving socio-technical system of Information Technology (IT) capabilities. Examples of IIs include the Internet, or industry-wide Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) networks. IIs are recursively composed of other infrastructures, platforms, applications and IT capabilities and controlled by emergent, distributed and episodic forms of control. II's evolutionary dynamics are nonlinear, path dependent and influenced by network effects and unbounded user and designer learning. The proposed theory tackles tensions between two design problems related to the II design: (1) the bootstrap problem: IIs need to meet directly early users’ needs in order to be initiated; and (2) the adaptability problem: local designs need to recognize II's unbounded scale and functional uncertainty. We draw upon Complex Adaptive Systems theory to derive II design rules that address the bootstrap problem by generating early growth through simplicity and usefulness, and the adaptability problem by promoting modular and generative designs. We illustrate these principles by analyzing the history of Internet exegesis.
Journal Article