Explore the vast range of titles available.

To identify genetic changes underlying dog domestication and reconstruct their early evolutionary history, we generated high-quality genome sequences from three gray wolves, one from each of the three putative centers of dog domestication, two basal dog lineages (Basenji and Dingo) and a golden jackal as an outgroup. Analysis of these sequences supports a demographic model in which dogs and wolves diverged through a dynamic process involving population bottlenecks in both lineages and post-divergence gene flow. In dogs, the domestication bottleneck involved at least a 16-fold reduction in population size, a much more severe bottleneck than estimated previously. A sharp bottleneck in wolves occurred soon after their divergence from dogs, implying that the pool of diversity from which dogs arose was substantially larger than represented by modern wolf populations. We narrow the plausible range for the date of initial dog domestication to an interval spanning 11-16 thousand years ago, predating the rise of agriculture. In light of this finding, we expand upon previous work regarding the increase in copy number of the amylase gene (AMY2B) in dogs, which is believed to have aided digestion of starch in agricultural refuse. We find standing variation for amylase copy number variation in wolves and little or no copy number increase in the Dingo and Husky lineages. In conjunction with the estimated timing of dog origins, these results provide additional support to archaeological finds, suggesting the earliest dogs arose alongside hunter-gathers rather than agriculturists. Regarding the geographic origin of dogs, we find that, surprisingly, none of the extant wolf lineages from putative domestication centers is more closely related to dogs, and, instead, the sampled wolves form a sister monophyletic clade. This result, in combination with dog-wolf admixture during the process of domestication, suggests that a re-evaluation of past hypotheses regarding dog origins is necessary.

Social dynamics is one of the most widely studied fields in the Canidae family in captivity. This study aims to determine how the death of the dominant male in a pack of wolves at Barcelona Zoo affects the pattern of daily activity and the use of space of the rest of the members. The individuals under study are two males and two females of the species Canis lupus signatus in naturalized surroundings. The observations were made using an instantaneous multifocal recording every 15 minutes. Each individual was observed for a total of 55.5 hours both prior to and after the death of the alpha male. The results for daily activity patterns show an increase in the behaviours of Vigilance, Maintenance and Lack of Visibility and a reduction in Inactivity. As regards the use of space, the use of the left central area increased, the use of the front central area decreased, while there were no differences in the use of the rear left area. The location of the animals was less homogeneous after the death of the alpha male.

\"It's a matter of taste, but that's what makes the fun of it,\" says Norma Llop, a chef trained at the Culinary Institute of America who is product development manager for Puerto Rico's culinary tourism. \"Just go from kiosk to kiosk and gossip (cuchi) about it.\" Eat 'em while they're hot, and \"hotter is better,\" says Llop, who says fritters are a flop as takeout. \"If you take it home, it gets soggy and loses its taste. Like a wet piece of bread.\" Drivers on Highway 3 watch for a billboard about seven miles from Fajardo touting McDonald's. It's the \"X\" marking the spot at Luquillo where a rank of concrete kiosks serves a feast of fritters. Vendors occupied painted wooden shacks until Hurricane Hugo swept them away in 1989. The replacements could use some paint, but decor isn't the draw.

\"The show used to have a pre-1860's room,\" Ginny Llop, co-chair with Susan Meech of the antiques show committee. \"We've changed the 1860 rule to be more flexible with dealers and the public and open it up but maintain the level of quality. Adding Arts and Crafts and dealers who specialize in 1915-1940 loosens up our dealers. And this is the first time the show will include Wicker, Empire, Bedermeier, Victorian dealers.\"

The media organisations included major TV channels and gossip magazines such as Hola! But Judge Maria Lourdes Perez Padilla said a restraining order would be \"legally unviable\" because Ms [Ortiz] and Mr [Enrique Martin Llop] are in the limelight, even if they claim otherwise. They were told to pay undisclosed court costs. Ms Ortiz's problems with the Spanish gossip media began early this year when she returned from the Philippines, where she had been employed as an aid worker, to have a baby in Spain with Mr Martin Llop.

Atlanta lawyer, investor and gourmet Joe Llop was born in Turin, Italy, and reared in Barcelona, Spain, and he never lost his European flair. Mr. Llop's family came to the United States fleeing Franco and Mussolini. He spoke seven languages and loved the United States and the underdog, which, as a first-generation American, he considered himself, said his son Louis Llop of Sandy Springs. Fighting with the Army in Europe in World War II, Mr. Llop was awarded the Purple Heart.

JOSEPH Llop has never seen Marcel Duchamp's 1912 painting \"Nude Descending a Staircase,\" but he can tell you quite a bit about it. He can describe, for example, how the painting's lines feel. And he can go on about how it \"sounds.\" While only two chapters of the book have been completed, its creators have already received praise from blind people. \"One woman reviewed our first chapter,\" said Francesca Rosenberg, Art Education's associate director. \"She came back the next day and said she had been dreaming of Roman aqueducts. She said she could see them in her mind.\"