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A Note on Strategic Trade Applications and Public Support Selection in the Aerospace industry: Which Subsidy for Airliner Manufacturers?
Policy makers and academics have long analyzed a duopoly in the commercial airliners manufacturers industry between Airbus and Boeing. Particular attention has been paid to the structure and performance of the industry, as well as the crucial role of subsidies in the context of strategic trade theory and applications, leading to one of the longest World Trade Organization cases. This analysis is becoming increasingly topical as both competitors experience significant backlogs with indications that their capacity does not meet demand, public discussion on subsidies is increasing and new contenders in the long haul market are becoming visible. The modeling method developed compares and evaluates government support in the forms of capacity enhancement with the relevant support of per unit cost on the performance of the domestic firm. The results are compatible with the stylized evidence, revealing that the capacity enhancement mechanism is inferior in boosting the domestic firm's performance.
Journal Article
CHANNEL POWER, INFLUENCE STRATEGY, RELATIONSHIP CONTINUITY, AND CHANNEL PERFORMANCE: AN EXAMINATION OF SANITARY EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS
Objetivo: Este estudo visa examinar a influência do poder do canal e da estratégia de influência, em termos de estratégias não coercitivas, nas relações dos fabricantes de equipamentos sanitários com os membros do canal e no desempenho do canal. Referencial teórico: O estudo baseia-se na literatura sobre relacionamentos de canais, que sugere que o uso de uma estratégia de influência pode contribuir para gerenciar o relacionamento com os membros do canal e beneficiar o desempenho da organização. Design/Metodologia/Abordagem: Neste estudo, coletamos amostras da estratégia de canal de um fabricante de equipamentos sanitários. Utilizamos dados de pesquisa para examinar o efeito das estratégias de gestão de canais dos fabricantes de equipamentos sanitários sobre os distribuidores. Constatações: A constatação indica que um fornecedor que utiliza poder econômico tende a adotar estratégias não coercitivas. Além disso, o poder económico e as estratégias não coercivas afectam positivamente a continuidade do relacionamento com os distribuidores. A continuidade do relacionamento entre fabricantes e distribuidores impacta positivamente o desempenho de todo o canal. Originalidade/Valor: Este estudo amostrou os distribuidores do setor de equipamentos sanitários, mercado em que os consumidores não conhecem os produtos. A maioria dos consumidores baseia suas decisões de compra fortemente nas recomendações dos membros do canal. Portanto, é fundamental entender como gerenciar o relacionamento com os membros do canal. Implicações de pesquisa, Práticas e Sociais: Os distribuidores são considerados uma extensão da capacidade de vendas da empresa. Os canais sempre ocuparam uma posição essencial na indústria. Manter relacionamentos entre distribuidores e melhorar o desempenho do canal é uma questão crítica na gestão da distribuição.
Journal Article
Formula milk: a new regulatory system is needed
The failure of the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes to prevent industry violations has created a blame culture that has led to widespread dysfunctional behaviour across the key infant feeding stakeholders.1 This is illustrated in Coombes’s article.2 It is evident that after 40 years the concept of the code needs to be reviewed.
Journal Article
A new resilience measure for supply networks with the ripple effect considerations: a Bayesian network approach
This is the first study that presents a supply chain (SC) resilience measure with the ripple effect considerations including both disruption and recovery stages. SCs have become more prone to disruptions due to their complexity and strategic outsourcing. While development of resilient SC designs is desirable and indeed critical to withstand the disruptions, exploiting the resilience capabilities to achieve the target performance outcomes through effective recovery is becoming increasingly important. More adversely, resilience assessment in multi-stage SCs is particularly challenged by consideration of disruption propagation and its associated impact known as the ripple effect. We theorize a new measure to quantify the resilience of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) with a multi-stage assessment of suppliers’ proneness to disruptions and the SC exposure to the ripple effect. We examine and test the developed notion of SC resilience as a function of supplier vulnerability and recoverability using a Bayesian network and considering disruption propagation using a real-life case-study in car manufacturing. The findings suggest that our model can be of value for OEMs to identify the resilience level of their most important suppliers based on forming a quadrant plot in terms of supplier importance and resilience. Our approach can be used by managers to identify the disruption profiles in the supply base and associated SC performance degradation due to the ripple effect. Our method explicitly allows to uncover latent, high-risk suppliers to develop recommendations to control the ripple effect. Utilizing the outcomes of this research can support the design of resilient supply networks with a large number of suppliers: critical suppliers with low resilience can be identified and developed.
Journal Article