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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly underestimated disorder that negatively impacts a woman's life. Medical workers, who live a more stressful life, may report an increased rate of PMS. Studies on the relationship between PMS and work-related quality of life for medical professionals are scarce, particularly in the Arab world. This study aimed to compare the frequency of PMS among medical versus non-medical workers at Zagazig University and to assess the association between PMS and their work-related quality of life. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample population consisted of 48 medical and 48 non-medical female workers aged 18-45 years from Zagazig University. The two groups filled out a questionnaire with 3 parts: sociodemographic and occupational data, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), and the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale (WRQL). Severe PMS was reported in 45.8% of medical workers versus 20.8% of non-medical workers with a statistically significant difference between both groups (p = 0.009). Binary logistic regression showed that being a medical worker, clinical specialty, ≥ 8 years of work, ≥ 24 working hours per week, and having a non-set hourly schedule were predictors for severe PMS. PMS was found to be a statistically significant predictor of poor WRQL (p < 0.001). There was a highly significant negative correlation between the PMS score and the WRQL score (r =  - 0.302, p < 0.001). Among medical workers, PMS is more common and more severe, and WRQL is worse and negatively correlated with PMS. We suggest further studies with larger samples to prove this association and planning for public health programs to screen for and manage PMS among medical workers in our community.

The relevance of this study is caused by the insufficient methodological development of the mechanisms and methods for the empathy formation among students of pedagogical and medical universities, which is an important professional competence of future teachers and doctors. The empathic culture of teachers and doctors is an integral part of the personal culture, a component of profession skill that requires purposeful formation and development. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the mechanisms of formation of the empathic culture in students of pedagogical and medical universities. The main research method is based on the selected diagnostics: 1. The method of diagnosis of communicative control (M. Schneider); 2. Assessment program of non-verbal communication (A.M. Kuznetsova); 3. Methodology ‘Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale’ (A. Mehrabian, E. Epstein). Results. In the profession of a doctor and teacher, we have demonstrated that empathy is an important professional quality. The majority of students of pedagogical and medical universities showed average levels of empathic culture. Emotional and activity channels of empathy are more developed among teachers, and cognitive channels are more developed among physicians. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the professional training of students of pedagogical and medical universities.

Posljednjih desetljeća puno se istražuje i govori o stresu na radnom mjestu koji je povezan s fizičkim, psihičkim ili socijalnim odgovorom, tj. disfunkcijom koja proizlazi iz osjećaja osobe da ne može ispuniti sve što se od nje očekuje, a može ga uzrokovati niz različitih čimbenika kao što su količina rada, organizacija posla, loša komunikacija, radno okruženje i slično. Sindrom izgaranja nastaje kao posljedica prisutnosti više stresora na radnom mjestu te dugotrajne izloženosti istima. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti prisutnost i intenzitet profesionalnog stresa i sindroma izgaranja kod djelatnika intenzivne psihijatrijske skrbi i hitne medicine. Također, istraživani su čimbenici psihofizioloških napora povezanih s većim intenzitetom stresa u ispitanika te čimbenici povezani sa sindromom izgaranja. U istraživanje bilo je uključeno 63 djelatnika intenzivne psihijatrijske skrbi Klinike za psihijatriju Vrapče i 63 djelatnika Nastavnog zavoda za hitnu medicinu Grada Zagreba. Korištena su tri standardizirana upitnika za samoprocjenu. Rezultati analize stresa na radnom mjestu kao značajnu izdvajaju kategoriju stresora „Organizacija radnog mjesta i financijska pitanja“. U toj kategoriji 70 % (N=88) od ukupnog broja ispitanika smatra da je stresor pod nazivom „Preopterećenost poslom“ dominantan izvor stresa (P=0,004). Procjena psihofizioloških napora pokazuje statistički značajnu razliku u kategorijama „Pritisak na poslu“ (P=0,001) i „Stres uzrokovan premalim radnim opterećenjem“ (P=0,004). Pri procjeni sindroma izgaranja 31,7 % (N=40) ispitanika ne pokazuje prisutnost sindroma izgaranja. Početno izgaranje uočeno je u 42,1 % (N=53) ispitanika, a visok stupanj izgaranja u 26,2 % (N=33) ispitanika. Rezultati dobiveni u ovom istraživanju ukazuju na potrebu provedbe programa sustavne prevencije i pomoći kod profesionalnog stresa i sindroma izgaranja te prepoznavanje specifičnih stresora za pojedinu ustanovu. In the last decades professional stress taking the form of physical, psychological and social response has been investigated. The dysfunction caused by stress rests on a person's feeling that workplace demands cannot be fulfilled as expected. This is due to a series of factors: overwhelming workload, inadequate job organization, poor communication, and overall work environment. Burnout syndrome occurs as a result of multiple stressors in the workplace and long-term exposure to them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and intensity of professional stress and burnout syndrome in intensive psychiatric care and emergency medicine employees. The factors of psychophysiological work-related strains and their relation to higher intensity of stress and burnout syndrome in participants were explored. The survey included 63 intensive psychiatric care employees at the University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče and 63 employees at the Institute of Emergency Medicine Zagreb. Three standardized self-assessment questionnaires were used. The results obtained by analyzing workplace stress highlight stressor category “Workplace organization and financial issues”. In this particular category 70% (N=88) of all participants believe that the stressor called “Excessive work” is a dominant source of stress (p=0.004). In assessing psychophysiological work-related strains, a statistically significant difference was found in the category “Pressure at work” (p=0.001) and “Stress caused by low workload” (p=0.004). In the evaluation of the burnout syndrome, 31.7% (N=40) of all participants was found without syndrome. Initial burnout was found in 42.1% (N= 53) of all participants, and 26.2% (N=33) of all participants showed a high degree of burnout. The results indicate the necessity of developing systematic programs for the prevention of professional stress with appropriate measures to improve working conditions in certain institutions.

Objectives. To determine whether a community health worker (CHW) intervention improved outcomes in a low-income population with multiple chronic conditions. Methods. We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2013–2014). Participants (n = 302) were high-poverty neighborhood residents, uninsured or publicly insured, and diagnosed with 2 or more chronic diseases (diabetes, obesity, tobacco dependence, hypertension). All patients set a disease-management goal. Patients randomly assigned to CHWs also received 6 months of support tailored to their goals and preferences. Results. Support from CHWs (vs goal-setting alone) led to improvements in several chronic diseases (changes in glycosylated hemoglobin: −0.4 vs 0.0; body mass index: −0.3 vs −0.1; cigarettes per day: −5.5 vs −1.3; systolic blood pressure: −1.8 vs −11.2; overall P = .08), self-rated mental health (12-item Short Form survey; 2.3 vs −0.2; P = .008), and quality of care (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; 62.9% vs 38%; P < .001), while reducing hospitalization at 1 year by 28% (P = .11). There were no differences in patient activation or self-rated physical health. Conclusions. A standardized CHW intervention improved chronic disease control, mental health, quality of care, and hospitalizations and could be a useful population health management tool for health care systems. Trial Registration. clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01900470.

Describes the work of the organization Doctors Without Borders, explaining where its volunteers go and whom they help.

Interventions that address socioeconomic determinants of health are receiving considerable attention from policy makers and health care executives. The interest is fueled in part by expected returns on investment. However, many current estimates of returns on investment are likely overestimated, because they are based on pre-post study designs that are susceptible to regression to the mean. We present a return-on-investment analysis that is based on a randomized controlled trial of Individualized Management for Patient-centered Targets (IMPacT), a standardized community health worker intervention that addresses unmet social needs for disadvantaged people. We found that every dollar invested in the intervention would return $2.47 to an average Medicaid payer within the fiscal year.