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Mini : 60 years
\"In continuous production for 60 years, the Mini in one of automotive history's most revolutionary cars. Mini: 60 Years celebrates this most iconic of cars\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The m-chi decomposition of hybrid dual-polarimetric radar data with application to lunar craters
We introduce a new technique derived from the classical Stokes parameters for analysis of polarimetric radar astronomical data. This decomposition is based on m (the degree of polarization) and chi (the Poincaré ellipticity parameter). Analysis of the crater Byrgius A demonstrates how m‐chi can more easily differentiate materials within ejecta deposits and their relative thicknesses. We use Goldschmidt crater to demonstrate how m‐chi can differentiate coherent deposits of water ice. Goldschmidt crater floor is found to be consistent with single bounce Bragg scattering suggesting the absence of water ice and further corroborating adsorbed H to mineral grains or an H2O frost as plausible explanations for a H2O/OH detection by near‐infrared instruments. Key Points Mini‐RF data can be used to understand the scattering properties of the Moon An m‐chi decomposition provides insight on properties of craters and ejecta M‐chi is a new technique in the field of radar astronomy
Journal Article
Forms and functions of pendant Koran manuscripts
\"Manuscript copies of the Koran that are so small that they fit comfortably in the palm of a hand are probably among the most remarkable editions of Islam's holy scripture. These miniature or pendant Korans were produced in various forms, most commonly as codices in the shape of an octagonal prism or as scrolls. When one opens them, one is immediately struck by the almost microscopic script, which has a line spacing of often only two or three millimetres. This study by Cornelius Berthold is the first monograph on these objects, which combine the paradoxical properties of being complete books, but at the same time are hardly suitable for reading. On the basis of hundreds of surviving manuscripts, their physical characteristics are analyzed and recurring types of miniature Korans are described. The study also elaborates on their context of usage, a difficult to delineate field of magico-religious concepts and practices. Actual eyewitness accounts that explicitly describe how pendant Korans were used are few and far between. Nevertheless, against this backdrop, it is possible to substantiate and expand on the two main narratives found in previous scholarship, according to which pendant Korans were used as amulets worn on one's body or as religious symbols attached to military standards.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A comparative study of mini-monovision, crossed mini-monovision, and emmetropia with enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses
We compared the visual performance and subjective outcomes of mini-monovision, crossed mini-monovision, and bilateral emmetropia using enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). This retrospective study involved 200 eyes of 100 patients who underwent surgery for bilateral age-related cataract using an enhanced monofocal IOL (TECNIS Eyhance). The dominant eye was identified before surgery. Based on patients’ preferences, they were divided into mini-monovision (dominant eye for distance and non-dominant eye for near with 1.0 D anisometropia), crossed mini-monovision (dominant eye for near and non-dominant eye for distance with 1.0 D anisometropia), or bilateral emmetropia groups. There were 32 patients in the mini-monovision group, 28 in the crossed mini-monovision group, and 40 in the emmetropia group. While binocular distance visual acuity was not different among groups, intermediate and near visual acuity was significantly better in the mini-monovision and crossed mini-monovision groups than in the emmetropia group (
p
< 0.001). The severity of glare and halo, as well as the level of patient satisfaction, did not differ between groups. The rate of spectacle independence was significantly higher in the mini-monovision and crossed mini-monovision groups than in the emmetropia group (
p
= 0.008). Mini-monovision and crossed mini-monovision approaches using enhanced monofocal IOLs are equally effective in enhancing intermediate and near vision without compromising distance vision, leading to reduced spectacle dependence.
Journal Article
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: from microbiology to diagnostics and prognostics
There is an increasing interest in
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
, one of the most abundant bacterial species found in the gut, given its potentially important role in promoting gut health. Although some studies have phenotypically characterized strains of this species, it remains a challenge to determine which factors have a key role in maintaining the abundance of this bacterium in the gut. Besides, phylogenetic analysis has shown that at least two different
F. prausnitzii
phylogroups can be found within this species and their distribution is different between healthy subjects and patients with gut disorders. It also remains unknown whether or not there are other phylogroups within this species, and also if other
Faecalibacterium
species exist. Finally, many studies have shown that
F. prausnitzii
abundance is reduced in different intestinal disorders. It has been proposed that
F. prausnitzii
monitoring may therefore serve as biomarker to assist in gut diseases diagnostics. In this mini-review, we aim to serve as an overview of
F. prausnitzii
phylogeny, ecophysiology and diversity. In addition, strategies to modulate the abundance of
F. prausnitzii
in the gut as well as its application as a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics of gut diseases are discussed. This species may be a useful potential biomarker to assist in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease discrimination.
Journal Article
Microbial evolution through horizontal gene transfer by mobile genetic elements
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are crucial for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria and facilitate their rapid evolution and adaptation. MGEs include plasmids, integrative and conjugative elements, transposons, insertion sequences and bacteriophages. Notably, the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), which poses a serious threat to public health, is primarily attributable to HGT through MGEs. This mini‐review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which MGEs mediate HGT in microbes. Specifically, the behaviour of conjugative plasmids in different environments and conditions was discussed, and recent methodologies for tracing the dynamics of MGEs were summarised. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying HGT and the role of MGEs in bacterial evolution and adaptation is important to develop strategies to combat the spread of ARGs. This mini‐review explores the behaviour of conjugative plasmids in various environments, discusses recent methodologies for tracking mobile genetic elements (MGE) dynamics, and underscores the importance of understanding horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms to develop effective strategies against antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) dissemination.
Journal Article
Aging in the dermis: Fibroblast senescence and its significance
Skin aging is characterized by changes in its structural, cellular, and molecular components in both the epidermis and dermis. Dermal aging is distinguished by reduced dermal thickness, increased wrinkles, and a sagging appearance. Due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a series of aging events, including imbalanced extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis, accumulation of senescent fibroblasts, loss of cell identity, and chronic inflammation mediated by senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These events are regulated by signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1). Senescent fibroblasts can induce and accelerate age‐related dysfunction of other skin cells and may even cause systemic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the role of dermal fibroblasts in cutaneous aging and inflammation. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which dermal fibroblasts influence cutaneous aging and inflammation are also discussed. This mini review discusses aging, inflammation, cellular senescence, and their orchestration in cutaneous aging, recognizing fibroblast senescence as central player and inflammation response as key mediator in these processes. We delve into the cascade effects of stress, senescence, SASP, and related signaling in fibroblasts, elucidating how they contribute to the amplification of inflammation and ultimately lead to the appearance and functional alterations observed in aged skin.
Journal Article
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls ecosystems strings
Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportional role in biogeochemical cycles and may be a hidden driver of microbiome function. In this review, we provide an ecological overview of the rare microbial biosphere, including causes of rarity and the impacts of rare species on ecosystem functioning. We discuss how rare species can have a preponderant role for local biodiversity and species turnover with rarity potentially bound to phylogenetically conserved features. Rare microbes may therefore be overlooked keystone species regulating the functioning of host-associated, terrestrial and aquatic environments. We conclude this review with recommendations to guide scientists interested in investigating this rapidly emerging research area.
Journal Article
Tumor-infiltrating B cells: their role and application in anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer
Evidence indicates that lung cancer development is a complex process that involves interactions between tumor cells, stromal fibroblasts, and immune cells. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells play a significant role in the promotion or inhibition of tumor growth. As an integral component of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIBs) exist in all stages of cancer and play important roles in shaping tumor development. Here, we review recent clinical and preclinical studies that outline the role of TIBs in lung cancer development, assess their prognostic significance, and explore the potential benefit of B cell-based immunotherapy for lung cancer treatment.
Journal Article