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"Modality (Logic)"
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Handbook of modal logic
The Handbook of Modal Logic contains 20 articles, which collectively introduce contemporary modal logic, survey current research, and indicate the way in which the field is developing. The articles survey the field from a wide variety of perspectives: the underling theory is explored in depth, modern computational approaches are treated, and six major applications areas of modal logic (in Mathematics, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Linguistics, Game Theory, and Philosophy) are surveyed. The book contains both well-written expository articles, suitable for beginners approaching the subject for the first time, and advanced articles, which will help those already familiar with the field to deepen their expertise. Please visit:http://people.uleth.ca/~woods/RedSeriesPromo_WP/PubSLPR.html - Compact modal logic reference- Computational approaches fully discussed- Contemporary applications of modal logic covered in depth
eBook
On the Function of Advanced Modalizing
The Lewisian account of modality based on counterpart theory suffers from the problems of advanced modalizing, where claims about spatiotemporally disunified entities are modalized. In this paper, I first discuss a strategy to bypass the problem, one which treats cases of advanced modalizing as cases of equivocation lying outside the scope of the translation. I then argue that the strategy does not satisfactorily generalize to the case of advanced modal claims involving abstract entities. This failure not only reveals the limitations of counterpart theory in handling abstracta, but also weakens the abductive argument for modal realism that posits it as a robust account of nominalism. Furthermore, advanced modalizing is an indispensable part of the Lewisian framework when doing metaphysics, since advanced modal claims made by Lewis himself strengthen his abductive argument for modal realism. Hence advanced modalizing plays a crucial role in the Lewisian project, and an account of advanced modalizing is needed for the Lewisian reduction of modality to succeed.
Journal Article
Ability’s Two Dimensions of Robustness
Abstract
The actions of able agents are often reliably successful. I argue that their success may be modally robust along two dimensions. The first dimension helps distinguish the exercise of abilities, which requires local control, from lucky success. The second concerns the global availability of acts: agents with the ability to φ can φ across a variety of circumstances. I introduce a framework that captures the two dimensions and their interaction, and show how it bears on a disagreement about the modal force the robustness of ability requires: while local control involves a kind of local necessity, global availability does not.
Journal Article
Modal Logic, the Qira'at, and Qur'anic Exegesis: Burhan al-Din al-Biqa i on Surat al-Tariq Verse 4
The present article explores the application of modal logic to Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir). This is attempted through closely examining Burhan al-Din al-Biqa'i's (d. 1480 CE) commentary on a short Qur'anic verse, Qur'an 86:4 (Surat al-Tariq, verse 4). The article provides a detailed exposition of al-Biqa'i's commentary which pays particular attention to the two canonical readings in this verse. The article also outlines in detail the background logical theory behind al-Biqa'i's treatment of Qur'an 86:4. It is shown that while there is a general indifference to modal logic among Qur'an exegetes, al-Biqa'i's commentary on Qur'an 86:4 presents a notable exception. His analysis, I suggest, gives perhaps one of the most hospitable receptions of modal logic in the history of Qur'anic exegesis. It is hoped that the textual analysis conducted in the present article leads to a deeper understanding of not only al-Biqa'i's hermeneutics and the practical value of modal logic, but also of the application of logic to the Qur'an more generally. This is accomplished in three parts. This article begins by considering the variant readings (qira'at) of Qur'an 86:4, followed by an examination of treatments of this verse in major exegetical works written prior to al-Biqa'i. It then provides a brief introduction to the logical topics considered here, namely the Avicennan logic of modalities, contradiction, and exponible propositions. The article then turns to a detailed examination of al-Biqa'i's commentary on Qur'an 86:4, giving special attention to its logical component. Key words: Qur'an, qira'at, modal logic, tafsir; al-Biqa'i, hermeneutics
Journal Article
Topics in the Philosophy of Possible Worlds
This book discusses a range of important issues in current philosophical work on the nature of possible worlds. Areas investigated include the theories of the nature of possible worlds, general questions about metaphysical analysis and questions about the direction of dependence between what is necessary or possible and what could be.
eBook