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Urban computing
Although there are a few books on urban informatics, this is the first book dedicated to urban computing, with a broad spectrum of coverage and an authoritative overview. This book introduces a general framework, key research problems, methodologies and applications of urban computing from a computer science perspective. More specifically, this book focuses on data and computing, distinguishing urban computing from tradition urban science based on classical models and empirical assumptions. Rapid urbanization has led to the expansion of numerous large cities, not only modernizing many people's lives but also posing big challenges, such as air pollution, energy consumption and traffic congestion. Tackling these challenges seemed nearly impossible only a few years ago given the complex and dynamic settings of cities. Nowadays, sensing technologies and large-scale computing infrastructure have produced a variety of big data, such as human mobility, meteorology, traffic patterns and geographical data. The corresponding big data implies rich knowledge about a city and can help tackle these challenges when used correctly. In addition, the rise of computing technology, such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI), has provided us with unprecedented data processing capabilities-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Smart cities in the new service economy: building platforms for smart services
Recent changes in service environments have changed the preconditions of their production and consumption. These changes include unbundling services from production processes, growth of the information-rich economy and society, the search for creativity in service production and consumption and continuing growth of digital technologies. These contextual changes affect city governments because they provide a range of infrastructure and welfare services to citizens. Concepts such as ‘smart city’, ‘intelligent city’ and ‘knowledge city’ build new horizons for cities in undertaking their challenging service functions in an increasingly cost-conscious, competitive and environmentally oriented setting. What is essential in practically all of them is that they paint a picture of cities with smooth information processes, facilitation of creativity and innovativeness, and smart and sustainable solutions promoted through service platforms. This article discusses this topic, starting from the nature of services and the new service economy as the context of smart local public services. On this basis, we build an overall framework for understanding the basic forms and dimensions of smart public services. The focus is on conceptual systematisation of the key dimensions of smart services and the conceptual modelling of smart service platforms through which digital technology is increasingly embedded in social creativity. We provide examples of real-life smart service applications within the European context.
Journal Article
Investigating municipal solid waste management system performance during the Arba’een event in the city of Kerbala, Iraq
Every year, many religious events attended by 300 million pilgrims take place in many holy cities and sites around the world. However, research on municipal solid waste is limited despite the reputation of religious events to generate substantial amounts of waste. This research aims to address this gap and contribute to new knowledge on municipal solid waste management at religious events by investigating and evaluating the municipal solid waste management system applied at the Arba’een event in Kerbala, one of the largest religious events in Iraq. Field observations and in-depth interviews with nine senior managers from Kerbala’s municipalities were conducted during the event in 2016, to develop an overall picture of the municipal solid waste management system applied during the event. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and fed to the ‘Wasteaware’ benchmark indicators framework to evaluate the performance of the event system. The results indicated that the system suffers from operational and governance weaknesses. Despite a focus on municipal solid waste collection and transportation, the collection coverage is only ~ 70%. There is no controlled landfill site in Kerbala. It is estimated that currently ~ 5% of the event municipal solid waste is recycled by informal recyclers: there is no formal recycling scheme. Kerbala does not perform well regarding governance. The inclusivity of providers and users of the municipal solid waste management services is minimal during the event, as the majority of stakeholders are not included in decision-making processes. Municipal solid waste management services are delivered free of charge, thus significantly influencing the financial sustainability of the system. This study recommends that MSW recycling should be encouraged through integrating the informal sector, improving public awareness and introducing a formal recycling scheme to make the event municipal solid waste management system effective and financially sustainable.
Journal Article
Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspection Accuracy
The proliferation of big data makes it possible to better target city services like hygiene inspections, but city governments rarely have the in-house talent needed for developing prediction algorithms. Cities could hire consultants, but a cheaper alternative is to crowdsource competence by making data public and offering a reward for the best algorithm. A simple model suggests that open tournaments dominate consulting contracts when cities can tolerate risk and when there is enough labor with low opportunity costs. We also report on an inexpensive Boston-based restaurant tournament, which yielded algorithms that proved reasonably accurate when tested “out-of-sample” on hygiene inspections.
Journal Article
AI and the future of the public sector : the creation of public sector 4.0
Discover how data, analytics, and AI will transform public services for the better
In AI and the Future of the Public Sector: The Creation of Public Sector 4.0, renowned executive and consultant Tony Boobier delivers a comprehensive reference of the most relevant and central issues regarding the adoption and implementation of AI in the public sector. In the book, you'll find out why data and analytics are the solution to significant and ongoing problems in the public service relating to its ability to effectively provide services in an environment of reduced funding. You'll also discover the likely impact of future technological developments, like 5G and quantum computing, as well as explore the future of healthcare and the effective digitalization of the healthcare industry.
The book also offers:
* Discussions of policing 4.0 and how data and analytics will transform public safety
* Explorations of the future of education and how ai can dramatically enhance educational standards while reducing costs
* Treatments of the internationalization of public services and its impact on agencies and departments everywhere
A can't-miss resource for public sector employees at the managerial and professional levels, AI and the Future of the Public Sector is an insightful and timely blueprint to the effective use of artificial intelligence that belongs in the bookshelves of policy makers, academics, and public servants around the world.
eBook
Provision of specialized care in remote rural municipalities of the Brazilian semi-arid region
Introduction: Specialized care barriers are widespread and multifactorial, with consequences for timely access, health outcomes, and equity, especially in rural contexts. This article aims to identify and analyze arrangements for providing specialized care in the Brazilian remote rural municipalities (RRMs).
Methods: This is a multiple-case qualitative case study developed in seven RRMs located in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with the public health system managers, complemented by analysis of secondary data from national health information systems. Thematic content analysis was guided by the Integrated Health Service Network attributes related to the provision of specialized care.
Results: Socioeconomic indicators and indicators of availability and accessibility to health services express the context of greater vulnerability of RRM and their respective health regions when compared to states and the country. The analyzed cases do not come close to the RISS constitutive attributes. Various arrangements for the provision and financing of specialized care in the RRM were identified: public provision through an agreement between managers in the health region, health consortia, public provision in the municipality itself or neighboring municipalities, provision in private health services through direct purchase (out-of- pocket), and telehealth (very incipient). Such arrangements were unable to respond quantitatively and qualitatively to the demand for specialized care. Providing timely specialized care in an adequate place is not achieved, resulting in a fragmented, low-resolution model. The fragility of regionalized networks, aggravated by underfunding of the Brazilian Unified Health System, insufficient logistical support, and computerization of health services, contributes to care gaps and unacceptably long travel times for common specialized procedures, with more severe effects for people residing in the rural areas of the municipalities.
Conclusion: Brazil's disorganization or lack of a systemic response based on regionalized health networks generates several care improvisations. The less structured the RISS, the more informal arrangements are made, with gains for the private sector to the detriment of public health system users.
Journal Article
Making dysfunctional municipalities functional: Towards a framework for improving municipal service delivery performance in South African municipalities
Local government is underpinned by the principle that finding sustainable ways to meet the needs of communities through service delivery matters. Post 1994, the South African government opted for a 'developmental' local government system as a way of addressing the socio-economic challenges of historically disadvantaged communities. However, the scholarly discourse on service delivery in South Africa repeatedly highlights disappointing municipal performance. This study examined the need for performance evaluation of municipal service delivery in South Africa. Using a mixed methods approach and purposive sampling to collect data from 36 municipal managers of dysfunctional municipalities, the findings revealed that municipal performance was not evaluated satisfactorily; service delivery backlogs persisted and the impacts of deficient services on communities were not evaluated by either municipalities or communities. These findings justify a need for an effective evaluation framework for measuring municipal performance to assist municipalities to identify service delivery challenges and promote necessary change and improvement.
Journal Article
Doing What Works: Governing in the Age of Big Data
In Maryland, Big Data is changing the way they govern - with better choices and for better results. Baltimore borrowed New York's best ideas in public safety. 2000 to 2009, it went on to achieve the biggest reductions in Part 1 crime of any major city in America. Baltimore expanded its new performance measurement system enterprise-wide and called it CitiStat. It was made the new way of driving every department and agency.
Journal Article
Study on the Public Information Level About the Waste Management System
This article presents some of the results obtained from a study aimed at identifying the level of public information regarding the waste management system. Many articles have been identified in the literature analyzing the solid waste management system. Although this service is mainly provided to the population, not as many articles were found that focus on interviewing the population about the solid waste management system. This article presents a study conducted between 12 December 2022 and 14 January 2023, specifically in the Șerbănești neighborhood in Bacău, Romania. The purpose of the study (a questionnaire-based study) was to identify the population’s satisfaction with the solid waste management system in the analyzed area, as well as the level of information and its accessibility. The data were obtained from an electronic questionnaire created using Google Forms and distributed online. A small number of the questions were aimed at obtaining information about those who participated in filling out the questionnaire, but the majority focused on gathering information from the population about the waste management system. After processing the data generated by 191 respondents, a series of specific insights about the collection system were obtained. Among these, it was identified that, on average, 58% of the population is satisfied with the sanitation service. Regarding the information and awareness activities carried out by the sanitation operator, approximately 52% of the respondents hold a positive opinion. However, when analyzing access to information channels, it was observed that 49.7% of the respondents lack access, and if we consider the sample of respondents who are unaware of their existence, the value reaches 57%. It is recommended that, as a result of this study, this type of research be extended to the entire municipality of Bacău in order to obtain an overview of the waste management system.
Journal Article