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"Nuclear engineering United States Public opinion."
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Three Mile Island : the meltdown crisis and nuclear power in American popular culture
Three Mile Island explains the far-reaching consequences of the partial meltdown of Pennsylvania's Three Mile Island Power on March 28, 1979. Though the disaster was ultimately contained, the fears it triggered had an immediate and lasting impact on public attitudes towards nuclear energy in the United States. In this volume, Grace Halden contextualizes the events at Three Mile Island and the ensuing media coverage, offering a gripping portrait of a nation coming to terms with technological advances that inspired both awe and terror. Including a selection of key primary documents, this book offers a fascinating resource for students of the history of science, technology, the environment, and Cold War culture.
Book
Are all electrons the same? Evaluating support for local transmission lines through an experiment
A crucial factor in U.S. energy infrastructure development is the degree to which citizens that reside near a development support or oppose the project. While the literature offers several explanations about what shapes individuals' perceptions of energy projects, few have considered the importance of cognitive heuristics and the law of contagion. Here, we employ a survey experiment on a nationally-representative sample of 2,000 respondents to test whether knowing which energy resources connect to a high-voltage transmission line dictate support for the line. Results reveal that information about the source of electricity is fundamentally important. If a transmission line is said to carry electricity from a solar and wind development, a respondent is significantly more likely to support development of the line. If the line instead is said to carry electricity from a natural gas or coal plant, respectively, respondents are significantly less likely to support it. This study has implications for energy infrastructure development, messaging, and public acceptance of energy projects.
Journal Article
Who has become more open to nuclear power because of climate change?
Even in the face of the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, nuclear power is being promoted in the U.S. as a necessary response to global climate change. Conducted prior to the Fukushima accident, the present study used a nation-wide telephone survey of 2751 U.S. residents to assess the factors that influence whether a person has become more open to nuclear power because of global climate change rather than supportive or opposed to nuclear power. Results showed that belief that climate change is a risk and is human-caused, belief that nuclear energy contributes to climate change, environmental support, cultural worldviews, and selected socio-demographics consistently predicted openness to nuclear power because of climate change. Implications of the current results and avenues for additional research on this topic are discussed.
Journal Article
UK Strategy towards China: Inconsistent Consistency against the Backdrop of Internal Political Debates
This article is focused on the British political narrative as it has been evolving regarding China against the backdrop of widespread internal debates. It is shown how public opinion and the political elite’s assessments of China changed, and what consequences this had for the development of London’s foreign policy. During the period of the coalition government of D. Cameron, interparty consensus on the “China question” contributed to a dynamic political and economic dialogue between the two countries. Following the 2016 EU referendum, issues of human rights in Hong Kong, the desire for strategic independence, along with an increased sense of threat from China came to the fore, fueled by public organizations and the media and government agencies, including intelligence agencies. With the anti-Chinese lobby gaining momentum, there are forces in the political field of the United Kingdom that advocate pragmatic trade and investment cooperation with China. At the same time, their influence on decision makers has been significantly reduced. It is concluded that taking an increasingly harder line on China is down to the flimsy position of the leader of the Conservative Party, depending on various intraparty groupings. The British government’s tightening of policies towards China occurred in parallel with the attempts of the leaders of the Conservative Party and part of the elite to maneuver between Sinophiles and Sinophobes in the political establishment. On the one hand, the announcement of the end of the “golden era” of British–Chinese relations did not cancel the official rhetoric about the openness of the British economy to Chinese business. On the other hand, demands to create an effective mechanism to repel the Chinese threat to democratic and economic processes within the country have intensified. The trip of the UK Foreign Secretary J. Cleverley to Beijing in 2023 showed the dependence of the course towards the PRC on the domestic political agenda and on the external context. At the same time, the inconsistent position of the Cabinet and half-hearted policies will most probably continue after the UK elections in 2024.
Journal Article
Gene intelligence
Last month, one of the top intelligence officials in the United States warned that genome-editing technology is now a potential weapon of mass destruction. Techniques such as the emerging CRISPR-Cas9 system, US director of national intelligence James Clapper warned in an annual threat-assessment report to the US Senate, should be listed as dangers alongside nuclear tests in North Korea or clandestine chemical weapons in Syria (see go.nature.com/jxuyev).
Journal Article
US public opinion divided over biotechnology?
Although a majority of US citizens remain supportive, opposition to biotechnology is on the rise. Conventional wisdom judges the people of the United States to have few concerns about biotechnology in comparison to people in other parts of the developed world. According to data from a new survey, this picture is at once both accurate and misleading. At least one other major comparative study using data from 1996-1997 published this year appeared to indicate generally more favorable attitudes in the US than in Europe. But recent data reflect mixed opinions in the US consistent with other evidence suggesting moderate declines in US support. While the proportions may be different, the US increasingly resembles Europe in having significant amounts of opposition.
Journal Article
Environmental Policy Analysis and Practice
Pressing environmental challenges are frequently surrounded with stakeholders on all sides of the issues. Opinions expressed by government agencies, the private sector, special interests, nonprofit communities, and the media, among others can quickly cloud the dialogue, leaving one to wonder how policy decisions actually come about.
InEnvironmental Policy Analysis and Practice, Michael R. Greenberg cuts through the complicated layers of bureaucracy, science, and the public interest to show how all policy considerations can be broken down according to six specific factors: 1) the reaction of elected government officials, 2) the reactions of the public and special interests, 3) knowledge developed by scientists and engineers, 4) economics, 5) ethical imperatives, and 6) time pressure to make a decision.
The book is organized into two parts, with the first part defining and illustrating each one of these criteria. Greenberg draws on examples such as nuclear power, pesticides, brownfield redevelopment, gasoline additives, and environmental cancer, but focuses onhowthese subjects can be analyzed rather than exclusively on the issues themselves. Part two goes on to describe a set of over twenty tools that are used widely in policy analysis, including risk assessment, environmental impact analysis, public opinion surveys, cost-benefit analysis, and others. These tools are described and then illustrated with examples from part one.
Weaving together an impressive combination of practical advice and engaging first person accounts from government officials, administrators, and leaders in the fields of public health and medicine, this clearly written volume is poised to become a leading text in environmental policy.
eBook
The British Nuclear Weapons Programme 1952-2002
The first British nuclear weapon test took place in Australia in October 1952. British nuclear weapons have been a source of controversy ever since. In this book, scientists, doctors, researchers and others assess the military value, political impact, health effects and legality of the programme.
eBook
Unending Crisis: National Security Policy After 9/11
In Unending Crisis, Thomas Graham Jr. examines the second Bush administration's misguided management of foreign policy, the legacy of which has been seven major--and almost irresolvable--national security crises involving North Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, the Arab-Israeli conflict in Palestine, and nuclear proliferation. Unending Crisis considers these issues individually and together, emphasizing their interrelationship and delineating the role that the neoconservative agenda played in redefining the way America is perceived in the world today.
eBook
Market rebels
Great individuals are assumed to cause the success of radical innovations--thus Henry Ford is depicted as the one who established the automobile industry in America. Hayagreeva Rao tells a different story, one that will change the way you think about markets forever. He explains how \"market rebels\"--activists who defy authority and convention--are the real force behind the success or failure of radical innovations. Rao shows how automobile enthusiasts were the ones who established the new automobile industry by staging highly publicized reliability races and lobbying governments to enact licensing laws. Ford exploited the popularity of the car by using new mass-production technologies.
eBook