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"Obsessive Behavior"
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder
[...]OCD is often hidden, as patients believe that their own intrusive thoughts or images are too shameful.What is important in recognising and understanding OCD is not the behaviour but the intended aim of the behaviour.[...]the intended aim of a compulsion in OCD is to verify whether a threat exists (for example, a checking ritual) or to get rid of a threat by \"undoing\" it (for example, by compulsive washing or replacing a thought).[...]the family may seek help for the patient, who may be unwilling to take this step him or herself.For those patients for whom SSRIs and cognitive behavioural therapy have been ineffective, the evidence for adjunctive antipsychotic drugs in the short term is weak and an increased risk of adverse events is seen in the long term.[...]a recent controlled trial of patients resistant to one SSRI found that cognitive behavioural therapy was more effective than either risperidone or a placebo. 31 Meta-analyses show no significant benefit for augmentation with quietapine or olanzapine, a small effect size for risperidone, and a modest effect size for aripiprazole. 32 Antipsychotics are thus recommended only in patients who are refractory to cognitive behavioural therapy and SSRIs.
Journal Article
“They Thought It Was an Obsession”: Trajectories and Perspectives of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents
Despite research exploring autism in gender-diverse adolescents, no studies have elicited these individuals’ perspectives. In-depth interviews with 22 well-characterized autistic gender-diverse adolescents revealed critical themes, including: recollections of pre-pubertal gender nonconformity; vivid experiences of gender dysphoria; a fear of social gender expression due to perceived animosity toward transgender people; and specific challenges that result from the interplay of gender diversity and neurodiversity. During the ~ 22 month study social gender affirmation increased in six participants and gender dysphoria attenuated in four participants. Given the ethical imperative to understand and prioritize the voiced perspectives and needs of autistic gender minority adolescents as well as the discovery of shared themes and experiences in this population, results should inform clinical research approaches and priorities.
Journal Article
Treatment for hoarding disorder : workbook
\"This second edition ... is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (DSM-5), this second edition of the client workbook and accompanying therapist guide outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for HD\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
A cross-cultural investigation of the short version of the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS-7) across five countries
Celebrity worship, conceptualized as an obsessive admiration of celebrities, has generated considerable research interest over the past two decades. Admiration towards a favorite celebrity has been commonly assessed by the 23-item Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS). Recently, a 7-item short version (CAS-7) was developed on a representative sample of Hungarian adults. This study aimed to provide further evidence for the validity and reliability of the CAS-7 measure by extending the investigation of its factor structure to other cultures and populations.
Data from 4,353 participants (64.4% women, Mage = 28.22 years, SD = 11.80, age range: 14-93 years) across five countries (Canada, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, US) were used, which was collected through online questionnaires.
Consistent with previous findings, the bifactor structure with celebrity worship as a general factor and entertainment-social and intense-pathological specific factors showed the best fit in all samples. Reliability indices for the celebrity worship general factor were good.
The present findings confirmed the reliability and the consistency of the factor structure of the CAS-7 across different samples, providing further evidence for the applicability of the CAS-7 in different cultures.
Journal Article
Savage appetites : four true stories of women, crime, and obsession
In this exploration of women, violence, and obsession, Monroe interrogates the appeal of true crime through four narratives of fixation. In a combination of personal narrative, reportage, and a sociological examination of violence and media in the 20th and 21st centuries, she explores empathy, justice, and the persistent appeal of violence.
Book
Characterizing the building blocks of Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI): The role of obsessional impulses and impulsivity traits among Italian young adults
Problematic Use of the Internet (PUI) is a considerable issue of the modern era, but its risk factors are still poorly understood. Impulsivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms have been associated with PUI, but this relationship is still debated. In this article we focus on the relationships of PUI with obsessive-compulsive and impulsive symptoms in a cohort of Italian young adults, in order to identify possible vulnerability factors for PUI.
A sample of 772 Italian individuals aged 18–30 (mean age 23.3 ± 3.3 years old; 38% males and 62% females) was assessed via online survey using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Screen, the Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).
Ninety-seven subjects (12.6% of the sample) reported IAT scores at risk for PUI. PUI participants reported higher levels of impulsivity, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a higher burden of co-occurrent psychiatric symptoms. In a logistic regression model, obsessional impulses to harm (OR = 1.108, p < 0.001), attentional impulsivity (OR = 1.155, p < 0.001) and depressive symptomatology (OR = 1.246, p = 0.012) had significant association with PUI. Finally, higher severity of PUI has been associated with manic/psychotic symptoms and with attentional impulsivity.
Our findings confirmed the role of impulsivity in PUI, while also underling the association of obsessional impulses with this pathological behavior. We could hypothesize a trigger role of obsessive impulses for the engagement in PUI, together with factors as negative affective states. Further research is needed with respect to more severe forms of PUI, also for establishing tailored interventions.
•Attentional impulsivity is associated with problematic use of the Internet.•Obsessional impulses to harm self/other are associated with problematic use of the Internet.•Depressive symptomatology is associated with problematic use of the internet.•To prevent problematic use of the internet, we should treat psychiatric comorbidity.
Journal Article
Everyday mindfulness for OCD : tips, tricks & skills for living joyfully
\"This everyday guide isn't just about surviving with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)--it's about thriving. In Everyday Mindfulness for OCD, two experts in OCD team up to teach readers how mindfulness, humor, and self-compassion can help them to stop dwelling on what's wrong and start enhancing what's right--leading to a more joyful life. The daily exercises, tips, games, metaphors, and mantras in this guide not only ease the suffering OCD causes, but also highlight each reader's unique assets and strengths in order to improve relationships and live a better life\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Transfer of information across repeated decisions in general and in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Real-life decisions are often repeated. Whether considering taking a job in a new city, or doing something mundane like checking if the stove is off, decisions are frequently revisited even if no new information is available. This mode of behavior takes a particularly pathological form in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), which is marked by individuals’ redeliberating previously resolved decisions. Surprisingly, little is known about how information is transferred across decision episodes in such circumstances, and whether and how such transfer varies in OCD. In two experiments, data from a repeated decision-making task and computational modeling revealed that both implicit and explicit memories of previous decisions affected subsequent decisions by biasing the rate of evidence integration. Further, we replicated previous work demonstrating impairments in baseline decision-making as a function of self-reported OCD symptoms, and found that information transfer effects specifically due to implicit memory were reduced, offering computational insight into checking behavior.
Journal Article