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The administrative law of the Czech Republic and the public law of Ukraine: a study in international administrative law
The military actions taking place in Ukraine brought a major influx of refugees to the Czech Republic. A majority of them, being either citizens or residents of Ukraine, were carrying various official documents (such as residence permits, driving licences, university diplomas etc), issued by the competent authorities of their state of origin. The massive circulation of these persons in the Czech Republic automatically implied a necessity to deal with the implications of such documents, or with their absence (such as in the case of students, not carrying any educational certifications). This article deals with how the administrative law of the Czech Republic addressed the fact that various documents, issued by the authorities of Ukraine are being used for various purposes in the Czech Republic. Taking into consideration that one may expect further influx of Ukrainian citizens to our territory and their residence in the Czech Republic, this article also aims to outline a way forward.
Journal Article
The evolution of ASEAN’s language policies: A diachronic analysis of official documents and website
Language policy plays a pivotal role in sustaining language behaviors and transforming language ideologies into practices. While the analysis of language policies in international organizations has received increasing attention, the evolution of language policies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been understudied. Existing research on ASEAN’s language policies has concentrated on its official language, often overlooking the language practices and ideologies embedded within these policies. This study seeks to investigate the evolution of ASEAN’s language policy by examining its official documents and website. We employed the Wayback Machine to trace the development of the ASEAN official website and adopted a corpus-based approach, utilizing tools such as AntConc and Sketch Engine, to analyze the Chairman’s Statements of the ASEAN Summit (CSAS). The study reveals three key insights: 1) The evolution of the ASEAN official website can be categorized into three distinct stages. 2) A consistent use of the collective pronoun “we” in the statements highlights the emphasis on cooperation and progress across economic and political-security domains. 3) The ASEAN community has persistently upheld its values, fostering an ASEAN identity and a genuine ASEAN community throughout its development. This diachronic analysis clarifies the characteristics of ASEAN’s language policy, deepening our understanding of the intricate relationship between language practices and ideology, and their implications for regional cooperation and integration.
Journal Article
Disaster governance and hybrid organizations: accounting, performance challenges and evacuee housing
Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public/private hybrid and ambiguous organizations played pivotal roles in a governmental programme of housing reconstruction following a major earthquake in central Italy in 2009. Venturing beyond the boundaries of institutional isomorphism and using a Foucauldian approach, the longitudinal analysis seeks to illuminate accounting and performance challenges and provide insights to the calculative techniques associated with evacuee housing.Design/methodology/approach>In “act 1” this paper investigates the role of a consortium created during the recovery stage of the disaster to construct temporary housing. In “act 2” attention shifts to consortia established for the reconstruction of buildings in devastated communities. The total observation period is 11 years. 31 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 key-actors. A broad range of official documents was also consulted.Findings>In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake a comprehensive reporting system was established to facilitate the construction of 19 new towns for 15,000 evacuees. The mix of accountants, engineers and architects who developed the system and a building prototype evidences the assembly of diverse calculative techniques by different experts and the de-territorialization of subject disciplines. During reconstruction technologies of government included the introduction of standardised systems and vocabularies that homogenised administrative procedures among diverse experts.Research limitations/implications>This paper provides academics and policymakers with insights to accounting, performance management and accountability in hybrid organizations in the largely unexplored realm of post-disaster evacuee housing. Further studies are needed to examine the politics of calculation in similar contexts.Originality/value>This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring the role played by individual experts working for hybrid organizations. Further, by exploring actual practices over an extended period of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, the study highlights how experts intervened to solve problems at the meso-political level and at the micro-organizational level.
Journal Article
Motivational discourse and campaign-style mobilisation: A positive discourse analysis of language poverty alleviation discourse in China
Many studies have investigated language poverty related to aspects of economic assistance, water scarcity, gender inequality, climate change, etc. However, a focus on language policy discourse has been lacking. Language policy discourse is vital because it can be deemed as preliminary to language poverty alleviation action, influencing the success of its implementation. To fill this gap, this study employed positive discourse analysis to investigate discursive strategies used in the discourse of language poverty alleviation in Chinese language policies. The finding shows that through four main discursive strategies–nomination, argumentation, perspectivisation, and predication–official documents concerning language poverty alleviation constructed motivational discourse and applied campaign-style mobilisation to encourage people to follow the implementation of language poverty alleviation. This study sheds light on the official purpose of using certain discursive strategies in language poverty alleviation discourse and some ideological implications behind it and sets an example of the popularisation of official languages to tackle poverty alleviation from a linguistic perspective for other countries/regions.
Journal Article
Is public health losing its reach? The precautionary principle and European Union chemicals policy
Abstract
Background
The precautionary principle is a regulatory tool that enables decision makers to protect the health of future generations in the face of scientific uncertainty by allowing for regulatory action before proof of harm is established. Where an action may pose serious or irreversible risks to human, animal, plant or environmental health in the European Region, proof that it is not harmful usually lies with the proposer, often industry. Although several European Union (EU) official documents refer to the precautionary principle, its current role in shaping EU policy, particularly the interface with the commercial and political determinants of health, is understudied. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the precautionary principle in EU policy with chemicals policy as a case.
Methods
We analysed submissions to an online European Commission public consultation on recent changes in EU chemicals policy. Our analysis was guided by key informant interviews with experts on European chemicals policy. Framework analysis was used to highlight the key themes raised and how these related to the precautionary principle. Different formulations of the principle were abstracted, then mapped onto a spectrum, reflecting the strength and explicitness with which the principle was expressed.
Results
Our results highlight seven overlapping but distinct themes. These included the nature of the changes, their scientific basis; potential practical, regulatory and procedural implications; consequences for industry and trade, health and environment, hazard communication, and the EU's role and position. The precautionary principle was rarely expressed strongly and explicitly, instead, its scope was restricted.
Conclusions
We identified a weakening of the role of the precautionary principle in relation to EU chemicals policy. This is concerning, as it suggests a softening of the regulatory position and a shift away from prioritising health and environmental protection.
Key messages
• Weakening of the precautionary principle in a policy context where its importance was previously recognised.
• Precautionary principle is a key means to address commercial determinants through regulation and ensuring a high level of public health and environmental protection.
Journal Article
Corporate Governance with Chinese Characteristics: Party Organization in State-owned Enterprises
This article analyses the role of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the corporate governance of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), including a case study of a central-level SOE holding group. Relying on official documents, secondary literature and interviews with enterprise managers, government officials and academics, the article documents how the CCP has actively formalized its role in Chinese business by embedding itself in the corporate governance structure of SOEs. Through the application of Chinese indigenous administrative corporate governance concepts such as “bidirectional entry, cross appointment” and “three majors, one big,” the CCP has consolidated its dominance of enterprise decision-making procedures and personnel appointment and created a hybrid, Party-led model of corporate governance. While this hybrid model can secure enterprise compliance, communication with higher state and Party organs, as well as long-term development planning, it is unlikely to help solve SOE efficiency problems and may even undermine other SOE reforms.
Journal Article
AERA Statement on Use of Value-Added Models (VAM) for the Evaluation of Educators and Educator Preparation Programs: Approved by AERA Council, June 2015
The purpose of this statement is to inform those using or considering the use of value-added models (VAM) about their scientific and technical limitations in the evaluation of educators and programs that prepare teachers. The statement briefly reviews the background and current context of using VAM for evaluations, enumerates specific psychometric problems with VAM, and addresses the validity of inferences from VAM, given the challenges of isolating the contributions of teachers and school leaders from the many other factors that shape student learning. The statement also addresses the limitations of using VAM to evaluate educator preparation programs, given the wide variation of experiences and settings in which graduates from those programs work and the lack of comparable and complete information on programs. In addition, the statement goes beyond a consideration of challenges and limitations by specifying eight technical requirements that must be met for the use of VAM to be accurate, reliable, and valid. The statement concludes by stressing the importance of any educator evaluation system meeting the highest standards of practice in statistics and measurement. It calls for substantial investment in research on VAM and alternative methods and models, and cautions against VAM being used to have a high-stakes, dispositive weight in evaluations.
Journal Article
Analysis of Green Strategy of Multinational Corporations under Diversified Institutional Environments - Taking Starbucks’ Global Green Practice as an Example
Given the shortcomings of existing research that focuses on a single institutional dimension, this paper takes Starbucks in four typical markets, California, Sweden, Japan and China, as cases, constructs an analytical framework from the dual perspective of “formal institutions-informal institutions”, and identifies three strategic paths: compliance response, brand co-creation and public collaboration. The study adopts a case study method, combined with ESG reports, official documents, green store deployment data and prediction models, to deeply analyze the logic of Starbucks’ strategic adjustment. The empirical results show that in markets with mature regulations, companies strengthen brand legitimacy by exceeding environmental protection requirements. In culturally driven markets, localized vision and product innovation are used to enhance consumer recognition. Overall, the average deviation between green store deployment and model prediction in various regions is controlled within 5%, which verifies the high consistency between institutional pressure and strategic response. This study not only enriches the empirical application of institutional theory in the field of multinational green strategy but also provides an operational path reference for enterprises to achieve green transformation in a diversified institutional environment.
Journal Article