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Why banks should be concerned about incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in the lending process? What is the motivation? This study aims to find the motives for considering environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in bank lending process. A primary survey has been conducted to know the current status and motivation for incorporating ESG factors in investment decisions. Sample comprised 30 private commercial banks (PCBs) operating in Bangladesh. Data collected were analyzed with graphs, descriptive statistics, and regression analysis. Findings of the study indicate that banks are mostly considering basic environmental, social and governance factors set by regulators qualitatively. They are lagging behind in considering the advanced ESG criteria needed for sustainable and efficient credit risk management. Based on motivation for incorporating ESG factors, it was found that banks pioneering in incorporating ESG factors in lending decisions are compensated through better financial performance. Findings of the study are expected to encourage practitioners and policy-makers to take more pragmatic steps to incorporate ESG risk factors quantitatively in lending decision-making process.

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between bank efficiency in terms of corporate governance guidelines and the extent of practice of earnings management (EM).Design/methodology/approachArchival data of listed private commercial banks of Dhaka Stock Exchange over the period of 2007–2016 relating to corporate governance and earnings management are collected and analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods (efficiency analysis) and applying panel regression analysis.FindingsThe same distribution pattern and have low degree of the correlation (0.248) among them. It is found that private commercial banks of Bangladesh, on average, display efficiency level of 80.84%. The average value of discretionary loan loss provision (i.e. measure of earnings management) is 0.4249 and this indicates the presence of earnings management. The relation between earnings management and efficiency score in both cases of two-step system generalized methods of moments (GMMs) and difference GMM are found to be negative. The negative coefficients (−0.7969 and −0.57) indicate that as the efficiency increases, the practice of earnings management by the private commercial bank reduces. By estimating efficiency based on corporate governance guidelines and detecting the existence of EM, the major contribution of the study is establishing the relationship between bank efficiency based on compliance with corporate governance guidelines and managerial practice of earnings management in Bangladesh. Empirical results of the study have also established the fact that the more efficient the management of the banks are, the less likely it will practice earnings management under the compliance of corporate governance guidelines in Bangladesh.Research limitations/implicationsThis research study has some limitations. Only conventional banks are considered for the study, with the exception of Islamic banks. Comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks could have been done.Practical implicationsBased on the literature study, the effectiveness of corporate governance aligns with decreasing agency conflict, protection of shareholders' interests and restrain management from self-serving activities (i.e. practice of earnings management). The empirical results of the study established these facts. Regulators should give more emphasis on effective implementation of good governance.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this may be the first to empirically determine the relationship between efficiency estimation based on corporate governance and earnings management in case of listed commercial banks of Bangladesh.

In the modern workplace, the private banking sector is facing increased regulatory demands, intense competition, rising workloads, and heightened work-related stress. This study explores the dynamics among bidirectional work-family conflict, emotional exhaustion, psychological distress, and job embeddedness. To underpin the hypothesized relationships, the study draws on the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model, and the Affective Events Theory (AET). The study used quantitative analysis of cross-sectional data collected from 498 employees of private commercial banks in India across management levels, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results highlight that bidirectional work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion negatively influence job embeddedness, both directly and indirectly, through psychological distress. The findings highlight actionable insights and theoretical advancements in organizational retention strategies by private commercial banks, aiming to enhance employee well-being and address work stressors through a resource-centric approach. This study fills a notable gap by examining these relationships within an underexplored context, providing a robust foundation for future investigations into employee dynamics in high-pressure environments.

PurposeThe main purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and impersonal trust. The study focuses on five HRM practices, namely training, fair reward and promotion opportunity, employment security and performance appraisal and impact of those on impersonal trust.Design/methodology/approachData for the study have been collected from 384 front line service provider female employees of 39 private commercial banks through non-probability judgmental sampling technique and analyzed by applying structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) method.FindingsThe findings of the study reveals that all the five HRM practices, namely training, fair reward and promotion opportunity, employment security and performance appraisal, are positively and significantly related with impersonal trust.Originality/valuePrivate commercial banks in Bangladesh are rapidly growing and facing huge competition to improve the competitive advantage of employees. Impersonal trust of employees is required for achieving competitive advantage. Due to the lack of research and scanty of knowledge in that field, the study offers a new avenue of existing knowledge to the stakeholders and researchers on how to develop impersonal trust with necessary recommendations.

The study analyzes the impact of balance sheet and income statement on the cash dividends of private commercial banks in Ethiopia. The independent variables employed include liquidity, asset size, leverage, and growth, which are components of the balance sheet, and profitability which is a component of both the balance sheet and the income statement during the period 2010-2020. The generalized moment (GMM) model was used to determine the most important variables that private banks consider when making dividend decisions. In addition, further tests are performed to corroborate the basic findings. Profitability, size, and liquidity are statistically significant characteristics that positively influence the dividend policy of Dashen bank, Wegagen bank, United bank, Lion international bank, Cooperative bank of Oromia, Awash international bank, Bank of Abyssinia, and Nib international bank. Growth and leverage, on the other hand, have a negative and considerable impact on the dividend policy of private commercial banks. The study suggests that the dividend policy of Ethiopian private commercial banks is influenced by both the balance sheet and the income statement. When determining dividend policy, managers of Ethiopian private commercial banks should consider profitability, asset size, liquidity, leverage, and growth.

This study aimed to investigate the determinant of private commercial bank deposits in Ethiopia over eighteen years (2000-2017). To achieve the research objectives, an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach were employed. In addition, the study has targeted sixteen private commercial banks currently operating in Ethiopia. Data obtained from selected banks were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and random effect model analysis. The regression result shows that three internal variables such as loan to deposit ratio, profitability and the number of bank branches and two macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rate and economic growth rate have a significant effect on the total deposit of private commercial banks. Based on the study finding, researchers recommended that all private commercial banks are required to aggressively expand their branches comparatively to the commercial bank of Ethiopia, and government bodies should give more attention to sustainable economic growth and should work on unemployment reduction.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and informal workplace learning. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from a sample of 381 employees working as heads of the department of branches in private commercial banks of Bangladesh. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modelling-partial least square. Findings: Findings of the study revealed that HRM practices such as selective hiring, extensive training, performance appraisal, compensation practices, empowerment and information-sharing, significantly positively related with informal workplace learning. Originality/value: Based on the situated learning and organizational support theory, this study is empirically testing how HRM practices influence informal workplace learning.

The purpose of this study is to examine how different firm-specific factors influence the stock returns of 29 private commercial banks (PCBs) listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) in Bangladesh. The research applied time series, cross-sectional and panel data models focusing on external and internal factors influencing the stock return of developed stock markets. Very little research has been conducted on how firm-specific factors influence the stock returns of developing or emerging stock markets. Considering the current scenario of the banking industry in Bangladesh, some major firm-specific factors must be taken into consideration to determine how these factors influence the stock returns of selected banks listed on DSE, while utilizing the panel data analysis to get more significant results. The study incorporates balanced panel data (3,712 observations) for the period 2009-2019 to investigate how firm beta (volatility), earnings per share (EPS), market to book value ratio (MTBV), firm size, volume of shares traded, and turnover by value influence the stock returns. The study incorporates the Hausman specification test and the Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test, suggesting that fixed effect regression is more applicable than random effect regression. The findings show that the negative influence of firm beta and size is significant, whereas the positive influence of turnover by value and volume of shares traded on the stock returns is significant. The empirical analysis either supports or contradicts existing literature.

PurposeThe Coronavirus outbreak that started in China in late 2019 and spread globally in 2020 has had profound impacts on almost all areas of our working and personal lives. In the workplace, one of the functions that was perhaps most under the spotlight was human relations (HR) as first they had to deal with how people could work from home, and then if people should be put on furlough or worse, if they should lose their jobs. While countries such as Denmark and the UK agreed to fund people’s wages up to a certain percentage or cap of their salary, other countries such as the US saw millions simply become unemployed overnight. HR departments worldwide suddenly had to make some of the toughest decisions they will have ever been asked to do and implement them in a matter of days.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds his/her own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsThe Coronavirus outbreak that started in China in late 2019 and spread globally in 2020 has had profound impacts on almost all areas of our working and personal lives. In the workplace, one of the functions that was perhaps most under the spotlight was human relations (HR) as first they had to deal with how people could work from home, and then if people should be put on furlough or worse, if they should lose their jobs. While countries such as Denmark and the UK agreed to fund people’s wages up to a certain percentage or cap of their salary, other countries such as the US saw millions simply become unemployed overnight. HR departments worldwide suddenly had to make some of the toughest decisions they will have ever been asked to do and implement them in a matter of days.Practical implicationsThis paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

This paper presents a new database on the timing of systemic banking crises and policy responses to resolve them. The database covers the universe of systemic banking crises for the period 1970-2007, with detailed data on crisis containment and resolution policies for 42 crisis episodes, and also includes data on the timing of currency crises and sovereign debt crises. The database extends and builds on the Caprio, Klingebiel, Laeven, and Noguera (2005) banking crisis database, and is the most complete and detailed database on banking crises to date.