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"Personality Genetic aspects."
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Challenging Genetic Determinism
Advances in genetic research have captured the attention of the media and the public through reports about genetically caused diseases and behaviours. However, all too often the coverage of scientists’ innovations has implied that genetic factors alone are responsible for effects ranging from personality and sexual preferences to morbid obesity and intellectual disabilities. Challenging Genetic Determinism argues that hypotheses cannot be based solely on genetic factors but must take into account the context in which these factors occur.
eBook
Psychopathy
The last two decades have seen tremendous growth in biological research on psychopathy, a mental disorder distinguished by traits including a lack of empathy or emotional response, egocentricity, impulsivity, and stimulation seeking. But how does a psychopath's brain work? What makes a psychopath?Psychopathyprovides a concise, non-technical overview of the research in the areas of genetics, hormones, brain imaging, neuropsychology, environmental influences, and more, focusing on explaining what we currently know about the biological foundations for this disorder and offering insights into prediction, intervention, and prevention. It also offers a nuanced discussion of the ethical and legal implications associated with biological research on psychopathy. How much of this disorder is biologically based? Should offenders with psychopathic traits be punished for their crimes if we can show that biological factors contribute? The text clearly assesses the conclusions that can and cannot be drawn from existing biological research, and highlights the pressing considerations this research demands.Andrea L. Glennis Assistant Professor in the Center for the Prevention of Youth Behavior Problems and the Department of Psychology at the University of Alabama. Adrian Raineis University Professor and the Richard Perry Professor of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, as well Chair of the Department of Criminology at the University of Pennsylvania.
eBook
Genetic Engineering and Theology
This article provides an overview of the response of religious thinkers to the challenge of applying religious values and frameworks to the new and frequently unprecedented issues posed by genetic knowledge and technologies. It explores the kinds of issues that genetic developments raise for both theology and ethics. It then evaluates the efforts of religious thinkers and communities to interpret and illuminate genetic knowledge and significant ethical choices now before society.
Journal Article
Molecular Genetic Aspects of Personality
This chapter contains sections titled:
Introduction
Foundations and Methods
Candidate Gene Approaches: Theories Informing about Gene‐Trait Associations
Molecular Genetic Main Effects
Gene–Gene and Gene–Environment Interactions, and Pleiotropic Gene Effects
Future Directions
References
Book Chapter
Twin Spin: What the Four-Decade Study of Siblings Is Telling Us
Read about a study which uses twins to determine \"the influence of genetics on intelligence and personality\" (COURIER-JOURNAL). Find out why it is ideal to use twins for this type of research. Meet some parents of twins participating in the study, and see how they are trying to bring out the best in each child.
Newspaper Article
Your Personality: Where Did It Come From?
What shapes personality? The parenting theory, the birth order theory, the genetic theory and a combination of these theories, the melting pot theory, are all explained.
Magazine Article
Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders
Chi-Hua Chen and colleagues report a GWAS for five personality traits and identify four loci associated with extraversion and two associated with neuroticism at genome-wide significance. They find that the five personality traits are genetically correlated and identify genetic correlations between personality traits and psychiatric disorders.
Personality is influenced by genetic and environmental factors
1
and associated with mental health. However, the underlying genetic determinants are largely unknown. We identified six genetic loci, including five novel loci
2
,
3
, significantly associated with personality traits in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (
N
= 123,132–260,861). Of these genome-wide significant loci, extraversion was associated with variants in
WSCD2
and near
PCDH15
, and neuroticism with variants on chromosome 8p23.1 and in
L3MBTL2
. We performed a principal component analysis to extract major dimensions underlying genetic variations among five personality traits and six psychiatric disorders (
N
= 5,422–18,759). The first genetic dimension separated personality traits and psychiatric disorders, except that neuroticism and openness to experience were clustered with the disorders. High genetic correlations were found between extraversion and attention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between openness and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The second genetic dimension was closely aligned with extraversion–introversion and grouped neuroticism with internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression or anxiety).
Journal Article
Two genetic analyses to elucidate causality between body mass index and personality
Background/objectivesMany personality traits correlate with BMI, but the existence and direction of causal links between them are unclear. If personality influences BMI, knowing this causal direction could inform weight management strategies. Knowing that BMI instead influences personality would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of personality development and the possible psychological effects of weight change. We tested the existence and direction of causal links between BMI and personality.Subjects/methodsWe employed two genetically informed methods. In Mendelian randomization, allele scores were calculated to summarize genetic propensity for the personality traits neuroticism, worry, and depressive affect and used to predict BMI in an independent sample (N = 3 541). Similarly, an allele score for BMI was used to predict eating-specific and domain-general phenotypic personality scores (PPSs; aggregate scores of personality traits weighted by BMI). In a direction of causation (DoC) analysis, twin data from five countries (N = 5424) were used to assess the fit of four alternative models: PPSs influencing BMI, BMI influencing PPSs, reciprocal causation, and no causation.ResultsIn Mendelian randomization, the allele score for BMI predicted domain-general (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.003) and eating-specific PPS (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). The allele score for worry also predicted BMI (β = −0.05; 95% CI: −0.08, −0.02; P < 0.001), while those for neuroticism and depressive affect did not (P ≥ 0.459). In DoC, BMI similarly predicted domain-general (β = 0.21; 95% CI:, 0.18, 0.24; P < 0.001) and eating-specific personality traits (β = 0.19; 95% CI:, 0.16, 0.22; P < 0.001), suggesting causality from BMI to personality traits. In exploratory analyses, links between BMI and domain-general personality traits appeared reciprocal for higher-weight individuals (BMI > ~25).ConclusionsAlthough both genetic analyses suggested an influence of BMI on personality traits, it is not yet known if weight management interventions could influence personality. Personality traits may influence BMI in turn, but effects in this direction appeared weaker.
Journal Article
Dimensional representations of DSM-IV cluster B personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study
The personality disorders (PDs) in the 'dramatic' cluster B [antisocial (ASPD), histrionic (HPD), narcissistic (NPD) and borderline (BPD)] demonstrate co-morbidity. However, the degree to which genetic and/or environmental factors influence their co-occurrence is not known and, with the exception of ASPD, the relative impact of genetic and environmental risk factors on liability to the cluster B PDs has not been conclusively established.
PD traits were assessed in 1386 Norwegian twin pairs between the age of 19 and 35 years using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP-IV). Using the statistical package Mx, multivariate twin models were fitted to dimensional representations of the PDs.
The best-fitting model, which did not include sex or shared family environment effects, included common genetic and environmental factors influencing all four dramatic PD traits, and factors influencing only ASPD and BPD. Heritability was estimated at 38% for ASPD traits, 31% for HPD traits, 24% for NPD traits and 35% for BPD traits. BPD traits had the lowest and ASPD traits the highest disorder-specific genetic variance.
The frequently observed co-morbidity between cluster B PDs results from both common genetic and environmental influences. Etiologically, cluster B has a 'substructure' in which ASPD and BPD are more closely related to each other than to the other cluster B disorders.
Journal Article