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Licensing Loyalty
In Licensing Loyalty, historian Jane McLeod explores the evolution of the idea that the royal government of eighteenth-century France had much to fear from the rise of print culture. She argues that early modern French printers helped foster this view as they struggled to negotiate a place in the expanding bureaucratic apparatus of the French state. Printers in the provinces and in Paris relentlessly lobbied the government, hoping to convince authorities that printing done by their commercial rivals posed a serious threat to both monarchy and morality. By examining the French state’s policy of licensing printers and the mutually influential relationships between officials and printers, McLeod sheds light on our understanding of the limits of French absolutism and the uses of print culture in the political life of provincial France.
eBook
Johannes Gutenberg and the printing press
Presents the life of the printer and explains how his movable type printing press changed the world.
BOOK
Development of Jigs in Reducer Work for Ink Marking in The Pipe Turning Process
In the pipe turning process, jigs and fixtures are important production tools in manufacturing, as they perform the functions of positioning, supporting, and securing components to be assembled. In a case study, it was found that a new inkjet printer had been purchased to replace the old pad printer in the carbon marking department. The new inkjet printer was introduced, but there was a problem with marking on small pipes of 1 1/2 inches. This research proposes a solution to the problem of clamping small, marked workpieces on reducers by developing a dedicated workpiece jigs. The results show that jigs significantly improves the case of workpiece removal and reduces disassembly time.In further stages of this work, the research endeavours can concentrate on further enhancing and refining the clamping devices to elevate their performance. That could involve optimizing the materials employed and adapting the design to accommodate a broader range of workpiece shapes.
Journal Article
The impact of process parameters on mechanical properties of parts fabricated in PLA with an open-source 3-D printer
Purpose
– This study aims to quantify the ultimate tensile strength and the nominal strain at break (ɛf) of printed parts made from polylactic acid (PLA) with a Replicating Rapid prototyper (Rep-Rap) 3D printer, by varying three important process parameters: layer thickness, infill orientation and the number of shell perimeters. Little information is currently available about mechanical properties of parts printed using open-source, low-cost 3D printers.
Design/methodology/approach
– A computer-aided design model of a tensile test specimen was created, conforming to the ASTM:D638. Experiments were designed, based on a central composite design. A set of 60 specimens, obtained from combinations of selected parameters, was printed on a Rep-Rap Prusa I3 in PLA. Testing was performed using a JJ Instruments – T5002-type tensile testing machine and the load was measured using a load cell of 1,100 N.
Findings
– This study investigated the main impact of each process parameter on mechanical properties and the effects of interactions. The use of a response surface methodology allowed the proposition of an empirical model which connects process parameters and mechanical properties. Even though results showed a high variability, additional ideas on how to understand the impact of process parameters are suggested in this paper.
Originality/value
– On the basis of experimental results, it is possible to obtain practical suggestions to set common process parameters in relation to mechanical properties. Experiments discussed in the present paper provide a variety of data and insight regarding the relationship among the main process parameters and the stiffness and strength of fused deposition modeling-printed parts made from PLA. In particular, this paper underlines the shortage in existing literature concerning the impact of process parameters on the elastic modulus and the strain to failure for the PLA. The experimental data produced show a good degree of compliance with analytical formulations and other data found in literature.
Journal Article
Mastering 3D printing in the classroom, library, and lab
Learn how to manage and integrate the technology of 3D printers in the classroom, library, and lab. With this book, the authors give practical, lessons-learned advice about the nuts and bolts of what happens when you mix 3D printers, teachers, students, and the general public in environments ranging from K-12 and university classrooms to libraries, museums, and after-school community programs. Take your existing programs to the next level with Mastering 3D Printing in the Classroom, Library, and Lab. Organized in a way that is readable and easy to understand, this book is your guide to the many technology options available now in both software and hardware, as well as a compendium of practical use cases and a discussion of how to create experiences that will align with curriculum standards. You'll examine the whole range of working with a 3D printer, from purchase decision to curriculum design. Finally this book points you forward to the digital-fabrication future current students will face, discussing how key skills can be taught as cost-effectively as possible.--Back cover.
Book
Identification of the brands of the inkjet printers used in the altered document identification proficiency test: Combination of chemical analysis with conventional morphological examination
The altered document identification proficiency test of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), initiated by the China Academy of Forensic Science in 2022, provided a specially prepared questioned document sample. This challenging case sample rendered conventional morphological examination methods virtually ineffective. As a result, only a low percentage of judicial appraisal institutions received the “satisfactory” rating. This work examined the characteristics of the inkjet printers used in the proficiency test from two independent perspectives, by combining volatile solvent composition analysis of printing inks using GC–MS creatively with conventional morphological examination. This work not only efficiently determined whether there was appended content via a secondary printing pass in the case sample, but also further identified the brands of the inkjet printers used to prepare the sample of the proficiency test. Finally, precautions for identifying the brands of inkjet printers were summarized. We hope this work will underscore the importance of incorporating physical and chemical analytical methods in questioned document examination and draw forensic examiners’ attention to its necessity.
•Presents results of China Academy of Forensic Science 2022 altered document proficiency test.•Combined chemical and morphological analysis improves robustness.•GC–MS analysis of volatile solvents recommended and demonstrated.•Discusses limitations of morphological methods under current training system.
Journal Article
Effect of Filling Pattern on the Tensile and Flexural Mechanical Properties of FDM 3D Printed Products
This experimental study investigates the effect of filling pattern on tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the parts printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM), 3D printer. The main downside of the printed products, with an FDM 3D printer, is the low strength compared to the conventional processes such as injection molding and machining. The issue stems from the low strength of thermoplastic materials and the weak bonding between deposited rasters and layers. Selection of proper filling pattern and infill percentage could highly influence the final mechanical properties of the printed products that were experimentally explored in this research work. Concentric, rectilinear, hilbert curve, and honeycomb patterns and filling percentage of 20, 50 and 100 were the variable parameters to print the parts. The results indicate that concentric pattern yields the most desirable tensile and flexural tensile properties, at all filling percentages, apparently due to the alignment of deposited rasters with the loading direction. Hilbert curve pattern also yielded a dramatic increase in the properties, at 100% filling. The dramatic increase could be mainly attributed to the promotion of strong bonding between the rasters and layers, caused by maintaining a high temperature of rasters at short travelling distances of nozzle for the hilbert curve pattern. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination revealed the strong bonding between rasters and sound microstructures (less flaws and voids) for concentric and hilbert curve pattern at a high filling percentage of 100. Besides, SEM examination revealed large voids in honeycomb pattern, deemed to be responsible for its lower strength and modulus, especially at the filling percentage of 100.
Journal Article