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Identification of the brands of the inkjet printers used in the altered document identification proficiency test: Combination of chemical analysis with conventional morphological examination
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Identification of the brands of the inkjet printers used in the altered document identification proficiency test: Combination of chemical analysis with conventional morphological examination
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Journal Article
Identification of the brands of the inkjet printers used in the altered document identification proficiency test: Combination of chemical analysis with conventional morphological examination
2026
Overview
The altered document identification proficiency test of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), initiated by the China Academy of Forensic Science in 2022, provided a specially prepared questioned document sample. This challenging case sample rendered conventional morphological examination methods virtually ineffective. As a result, only a low percentage of judicial appraisal institutions received the “satisfactory” rating. This work examined the characteristics of the inkjet printers used in the proficiency test from two independent perspectives, by combining volatile solvent composition analysis of printing inks using GC–MS creatively with conventional morphological examination. This work not only efficiently determined whether there was appended content via a secondary printing pass in the case sample, but also further identified the brands of the inkjet printers used to prepare the sample of the proficiency test. Finally, precautions for identifying the brands of inkjet printers were summarized. We hope this work will underscore the importance of incorporating physical and chemical analytical methods in questioned document examination and draw forensic examiners’ attention to its necessity.
•Presents results of China Academy of Forensic Science 2022 altered document proficiency test.•Combined chemical and morphological analysis improves robustness.•GC–MS analysis of volatile solvents recommended and demonstrated.•Discusses limitations of morphological methods under current training system.
Publisher
Elsevier B.V,Elsevier Limited
Subject
