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Preventing boundary violations in clinical practice
What do you do when you run into a patient in a public place? How do you respond when a patient suddenly hugs you at the end of a session? Do you accept a gift that a patient brings to make up for causing you some inconvenience? Questions like these--which virtually all clinicians face at one time or another--have serious clinical, ethical, and legal implications. This authoritative, practical book uses compelling case vignettes to show how a wide range of boundary questions arise and can be responsibly resolved as part of the process of therapy. Coverage includes role reversal, gifts, self-disclosure, out-of-office encounters, physical contact, and sexual misconduct. Strategies for preventing boundary violations and managing associated legal risks are highlighted.
eBook
Ethical Dilemmas in Online Research and Treatment of Sexually Abused Adolescents
In a recent uncontrolled trial of a new therapist-assisted Web-based treatment of adolescent victims of sexual abuse, the treatment effects were found to be promising. However, the study suffered a large pretreatment withdrawal rate that appeared to emanate from reluctance among the participants to disclose their identity and obtain their parents' consent.
Our objectives were to confirm the effects of the online treatment in a controlled trial and to evaluate measures to reduce pretreatment withdrawal in vulnerable populations including young victims of sexual abuse.
The study was designed as a within-subject baseline-controlled trial. Effects of an 8-week attention-placebo intervention were contrasted with the effects of an 8-week treatment episode. Several measures were taken to reduce pretreatment dropout.
Pretreatment withdrawal was reduced but remained high (82/106, 77%). On the other hand, treatment dropout was low (4 out of 24 participants), and improvement during treatment showed significantly higher effects than during the attention placebo control period (net effect sizes between 0.5 and 1.6).
In treatment of vulnerable young populations, caregivers and researchers will have to come to terms with high pretreatment withdrawal rates. Possible measures may reduce pretreatment withdrawal to some degree. Providing full anonymity is not a viable option since it is incompatible with the professional responsibility of the caregiver and restricts research possibilities.
Journal Article
The Practice of Respect in the ICU
Although \"respect\" and \"dignity\" are intuitive concepts, little formal work has addressed their systematic application in the ICU setting. After convening a multidisciplinary group of relevant experts, we undertook a review of relevant literature and collaborative discussions focused on the practice of respect in the ICU. We report the output of this process, including a summary of current knowledge, a conceptual framework, and a research program for understanding and improving the practice of respect and dignity in the ICU. We separate our report into findings and proposals. Findings include the following: 1) dignity and respect are interrelated; 2) ICU patients and families are vulnerable to disrespect; 3) violations of respect and dignity appear to be common in the ICU and overlap substantially with dehumanization; 4) disrespect may be associated with both primary and secondary harms; and 5) systemic barriers complicate understanding and the reliable practice of respect in the ICU. Proposals include: 1) initiating and/or expanding a field of research on the practice of respect in the ICU; 2) treating \"failures of respect\" as analogous to patient safety events and using existing quality and safety mechanisms for improvement; and 3) identifying both benefits and potential unintended consequences of efforts to improve the practice of respect. Respect and dignity are important considerations in the ICU, even as substantial additional research remains to be done.
Journal Article
Social Work in a Digital Age: Ethical and Risk Management Challenges
Digital, online, and other electronic technology has transformed the nature of social work practice. Contemporary social workers can provide services to clients by using online counseling, telephone counseling, video counseling, cybertherapy (avatar therapy), self-guided Web-based interventions, electronic social networks, e-mail, and text messages. The introduction of diverse digital, online, and other forms of electronic social services has created a wide range of complex ethical and related risk management issues. This article provides an overview of current digital, online, and electronic social work services; identifies compelling ethical issues related to practitioner competence, client privacy and confidentiality, informed consent, conflicts of interest, boundaries and dual relationships, consultation and client referral, termination and interruption of services, documentation, and research evidence; and offers practical risk management strategies designed to protect clients and social workers. The author identifies relevant standards from the NASW Code of Ethics and other resources designed to guide practice.
Journal Article
Barriers to informed consent in obstetric care during childbirth from practitioner’s perspective: a qualitative study
ObjectivesTo explore healthcare professionals’ perspectives and practices regarding informed consent during childbirth, particularly in the context of increased public awareness and discourse surrounding obstetric violence (OV) in France.DesignA qualitative study based on semistructured interviews and non-participant observations.SettingFour maternity units in France, representing a diversity of institutional contexts.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 32 participants, including midwives and obstetricians, was recruited across the four sites.MethodsData were collected through 32 semistructured interviews and in situ observations in labour and delivery rooms. A thematic analysis was conducted using a phenomenological approach, supported by NVivo software.ResultsFour main themes emerged: (1) relational malaise in the caregiver–patient relationship, reinforced by public discourse on OV, further hindered shared decision-making and open communication. (2) Challenges between caring values and systemic constraints (eg, lack of time, staffing shortages and protocol-driven care) limited professionals’ ability to engage in meaningful informed consent discussions. (3) Safety paradigm in obstetrics: fetal well-being emerged as a central and non-negotiable argument to justify medical interventions during childbirth. (4) Informed consent as a source of tension, where professionals struggled to balance legal and ethical obligations with clinical urgency, often leading to coercive or merely formal consent processes.ConclusionsInformed consent during childbirth remains a critical and unresolved ethical challenge. This study highlights systemic, relational and emotional barriers that hinder shared decision-making and compromise the core ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence and justice. Addressing these issues requires structural changes, improved working conditions to support individualised care, better training in ethics and communication and greater recognition of the moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals.Registration numberRegistration number 22-219 from CEEI-IRB INSERM (Research Institutional Review Board INSERM, France) (IRB 00003888, IORG 0003254, FWA 00005831).
Journal Article