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Hackers : heroes of the computer revolution
\"This 25th anniversary edition of Steven Levy's classic book traces the exploits of the computer revolution's original hackers---those brilliant and eccentric nerds from the late 1950s through the earlyل 80s who took risks, bent the rules, and pushed the world in a radical new direction. With updated material from noteworthy hackers such as Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Richard Stallman, and Steve Wozniak, Hackers is a fascinating story that begins in early computer research labs and leads to the first home computers.\" \"Levy profiles the imaginative brainiacs who found clever and unorthodox solutions to computer engineering problems. They had a shared sense of values, known as \"the Hacker Ethic,\" that still thrives today. Hackers captures a seminal period in recent history when underground activities blazed a trail for today's digital world, from MIT students finagling access to clunky computer-card machines to the DIY culture that spawned the Altair and the Apple II.\" \"If you want to change the world in some big way, that's where you should start---biological molecules. Those are all pretty deep problems that need the same type of crazy fanaticism of youthful genius and naivetâe that drove the PC industry, and can have the same impact on the human condition.\"--Bill Gates, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation\"--Jacket.
Book
Introduction to optimum design
Optimization is a mathematical tool developed in the early 1960's used to find the most efficient and feasible solutions to an engineering problem.It can be used to find ideal shapes and physical configurations, ideal structural designs, maximum energy efficiency, and many other desired goals of engineering.This book is intended for use.
eBook
CUDA application design and development
As the computer industry retools to leverage massively parallel graphics processing units (GPUs), this book is designed to meet the needs of working software developers who need to understand GPU programming with CUDA and increase efficiency in their projects. CUDA Application Design and Development starts with an introduction to parallel computing concepts for readers with no previous parallel experience, and focuses on issues of immediate importance to working software developers: achieving high performance, maintaining competitiveness, analyzing CUDA benefits versus costs, and determining application lifespan.The book then details the thought behind CUDA and teaches how to create, analyze, and debug CUDA applications. Throughout, the focus is on software engineering issues: how to use CUDA in the context of existing application code, with existing compilers, languages, software tools, and industry-standard API libraries.Using an approach refined in a series of well-received articles at Dr Dobb's Journal, author Rob Farber takes the reader step-by-step from fundamentals to implementation, moving from language theory to practical coding.Includes multiple examples building from simple to more complex applications in four key areas: machine learning, visualization, vision recognition, and mobile computingAddresses the foundational issues for CUDA development: multi-threaded programming and the different memory hierarchyIncludes teaching chapters designed to give a full understanding of CUDA tools, techniques and structure.Presents CUDA techniques in the context of the hardware they are implemented on as well as other styles of programming that will help readers bridge into the new material
eBook
Development of computational thinking, digital competence and 21st century skills when learning programming in K-9
Teachers around the world have started teaching programming at the K-9 level, some due to the formal introduction of programming in the national curriculum, others without such pressure and on their own initiative. In this study, we attempted to understand which skills - both CT-related and general - are developed among pupils in the process of working with programming in schools. To do so, we interviewed 19 Swedish teachers who had been teaching programming for a couple of years on their own initiative. The teachers were selected based on their experience in teaching programming. Our thematic analysis of these interviews shed light on what skills teachers perceive pupils develop when programming. This led us to identify three themes related to CT skills and five themes related to general skills. The CT skills identified corresponded well with and were thus thematically structured according to the dimensions of CT proposed in the framework of Brennan and Resnick, namely computational concepts, computational practices and computational perspectives. In addition to the CT skills, our thematic analysis also resulted in the identification of general skills related to digital competency and 21st century skills, namely cognitive skills and attitudes, language skills, collaborative skills and attitudes and creative problem-solving skills and attitudes.
Journal Article
Materialbasert og kunstnerisk utforsking av form, vind, bevegelse og programmering i småskolens skaperverksted
Det etableres stadig nye skaperverksteder i norsk grunnskole. Skaperverkstedene bringer med seg en forventing om en skapende tverrfaglig praksis der elever får erfare autentiske, åpne og utforskende læringsprosesser med både nyere og tradisjonelle materialer, verktøy og teknologier. Det kunst- og håndverksfaglige perspektivet har i stor grad vært fraværende i norske skaperverksteder som har vært initiert og drevet av realfag- og spesielt naturfagslærere. Skapende aktiviteter og materialbasert utforsking av fenomener er tangerende felt der naturfag og kunst og håndverk møtes og med bakgrunn i det undersøkes: På hvilke måter kan materialbasert og kunstnerisk utforsking av form, vind, bevegelse og micro:bit invitere til tenkende og skapende prosesser i småskolen skaperverksted? Educational Design Research og a/r/tografi er tatt i bruk for å undersøke 2. klassingers skaper-orienterte læring og deres læreres praksiser og tilrettelegging av skaperverkstedsaktiviteter. I artikkelen drøftes følgende tematikker: 1) Å tenke i materialet, formgi og gjøre seg håndgripelige erfaringer, 2) Å skape utforskende handlingsrom i det material-digitale, 3) Nærvær og kunstnerisk utforsking i det material–digitale og 4) Om å gi muligheten til å ta eierskap og forme verden - skaperverkstedet som et kollektivt utforskende mulighetsrom.
Journal Article
Stochastic local search : foundations and applications
Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms are among the most prominent and successful techniques for solving computationally difficult problems in many areas of computer science and operations research, including propositional satisfiability, constraint satisfaction, routing, and scheduling. SLS algorithms have also become increasingly popular for solving challenging combinatorial problems in many application areas, such as e-commerce and bioinformatics.Hoos and Stützle offer the first systematic and unified treatment of SLS algorithms. In this groundbreaking new book, they examine the general concepts and specific instances of SLS algorithms and carefully consider their development, analysis and application. The discussion focuses on the most successful SLS methods and explores their underlying principles, properties, and features. This book gives hands-on experience with some of the most widely used search techniques, and provides readers with the necessary understanding and skills to use this powerful tool. *Provides the first unified view of the field.*Offers an extensive review of state-of-the-art stochastic local search algorithms and their applications.*Presents and applies an advanced empirical methodology for analyzing the behavior of SLS algorithms.*A companion website offers lecture slides as well as source code and Java applets for exploring and demonstrating SLS algorithms.
eBook
Data Envelopment Analysis
Using the neo-classical theory of production economics as the analytical framework, this book, first published in 2004, provides a unified and easily comprehensible, yet fairly rigorous, exposition of the core literature on data envelopment analysis (DEA) for readers based in different disciplines. The various DEA models are developed as nonparametric alternatives to the econometric models. Apart from the standard fare consisting of the basic input- and output-oriented DEA models formulated by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes, and Banker, Charnes, and Cooper, the book covers developments such as the directional distance function, free disposal hull (FDH) analysis, non-radial measures of efficiency, multiplier bounds, mergers and break-up of firms, and measurement of productivity change through the Malmquist total factor productivity index. The chapter on efficiency measurement using market prices provides the critical link between DEA and the neo-classical theory of a competitive firm. The book also covers several forms of stochastic DEA in detail.
eBook
An in-depth analysis of programming in the Swedish school curriculum—rationale, knowledge content and teacher guidance
This paper reports a study of Swedish curriculum documents for compulsory school in order to unfold how novel programming content is communicated to the main policy enactors, that is, the teachers. Specifically, the study focusses on: (1) arguments for why programming is relevant and for what purposes, (2) what programming knowledge that is specified and (3) what guidance the curriculum documents provide to help teachers realise the programming content in their teaching. Text analysis was used as method of analysis. Two conceptual frameworks were used during analysis to identify and classify arguments for computer science in compulsory education, and to identify types of programming knowledge. Results reveal that the curriculum documents are sparse on details about what programming knowledge entails. Instead, programming is mainly presented as an interdisciplinary tool to achieve other learning goals. Guidance is given mainly in the form of cautious suggestions on how the work can be organised and through broad explanations and examples of how programming can be useful. However, some important and difficult strategic decisions are left entirely to the teachers without any clear guidance. The programming message in its entirety is communicated through several texts from different subjects. Altogether, this may complicate teachers’ process of transforming the curriculum into teaching and learning activities. In turn, there is a risk of inequality amongst schools and that the programming experience for the children becomes fragmented, superficial, misses out on key points, or is omitted, in part or in whole.
Journal Article
