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This study evaluated the adaptability, stability, and yield of maize and sorghum hybrids at six different times during the second growing season in Brazill’s Northeast region. Conducted at Fazenda Sol Nascente, located in Balsas, state of Maranhão, the experiment involved seven maize genotypes and seven sorghum genotypes. Sowing was carried out at six distinct times: February 9, 15, 20, 24, 27, and March 3, 2021, with each sowing date considered a separate environment for evaluation. A randomized block design with four replications was used. Genetic parameters for grain productivity were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood (REML), and genotype x environment interactions were analyzed using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). The reaction norm was employed to assess genotype responses to environmental covariates, and the effect of meteorological variables on grain yield was analyzed. Results showed that early sowing promoted optimal performance for both maize and sorghum genotypes. Genotypes P2970 and P3754 (maize) and DKB540 (sorghum) demonstrated superior adaptability, stability, and productivity across different sowing times, emphasizing the critical role of sowing date in crop performance in Brazil’s Northeast region. RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a adaptabilidade, a estabilidade e a produtividade de híbridos de milho e sorgo em seis épocas diferentes durante a segunda estação de crescimento na região Nordeste do Brasil. Realizado na Fazenda Sol Nascente, localizada em Balsas, estado do Maranhão, o experimento envolveu sete genótipos de milho e sete genótipos de sorgo. A semeadura foi realizada em seis épocas distintas: 9, 15, 20, 24, 27 de fevereiro e 3 de março de 2021, sendo que cada data de semeadura foi considerada um ambiente separado para avaliação. Foi usado um delineamento de blocos aleatórios com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros genéticos para a produtividade de grãos foram estimados usando a máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), e as interações genótipo x ambiente foram analisadas usando a melhor previsão linear não tendenciosa (BLUP). A norma de reação foi empregada para avaliar as respostas do genótipo às covariáveis ambientais, e o efeito das variáveis meteorológicas sobre a produtividade de grãos foi analisado. Os resultados mostraram que a semeadura precoce promoveu o desempenho ideal para os genótipos de milho e sorgo. Os genótipos P2970 e P3754 (milho) e DKB540 (sorgo) demonstraram adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade superiores em diferentes épocas de semeadura, enfatizando o papel fundamental da data de semeadura no desempenho da cultura na região Nordeste do Brasil.

Rubber production in the rubber tree [ Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] can be expressed differently in different environments. Thus the objective of the present study was to select productive progenies, stable and responsive in time and among locations. Thirty progenies were assessed by early yield tests at three ages and in three locations. A randomized block design was used with three replications and ten plants per plot, in 3 × 3 m spacing. The procedure of the mixed linear Reml/Blup model—restricted maximum likelihood/best non-biased linear prediction was used in the genetic statistical analyses. In all the individual analyses, the values observed for the progeny average heritability ( ) were greater than those of the additive effect based on single individuals ( ) and within plot additive ( ). In the joint analyses in time, there was genotype × test interaction in the three locations. When 20 % of the best progenies were selected the predicted genetic gains were: Colina G G  = 24.63 %, Selvíria G G  = 13.63 %, and Votuporanga G G  = 25.39 %. Two progenies were among the best in the analyses in the time and between locations. In the joint analysis among locations there was only genotype × location interaction in the first early test. In this test, selecting 20 %, the general predicted genetic gain was G G  = 25.10 %. Identifying progenies with high and stable yield over time and among locations contributes to the efficiency of the genetic breeding program. The relative performance of the progenies varies depending of the age of early selection test.

Daylily ( Hemerocallis  ×  hybrida Hort.) is a popular ornamental plant and hybrid cultivars are frequently selected for medium size, large number of flowers per stem, and flower color diversity. However, daylily selection is limited due to the lack of information on genetic parameters and their correlation to phenotypic characteristics. This study aimed at estimating genetic parameters and genetic correlations among full sib families of 13 daylily cultivars using REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction) and to select families with high genotypic values for plant height and number of floral buds per stem. Crosses were performed among those cultivars and 24 families were obtained. In the third year, plant height, leaf length and width, stem number, number of floral buds per stem, and number of floral buds per plant were evaluated. The estimates of average heritability of families were superior to the estimates of restrict individual heritability for all characters evaluated. High heritability estimates were obtained for plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem number, and number of floral buds per plant. Selected families showed genetic gain of 19.80% for plant height, 32.48% for stem number, and 38.64% for number of floral buds per plant.