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A case study of one of the most important global institutions of cultural policy formation, UNESCO and the Fate of the Literary demonstrates the relationship between such policymaking and transformations in the economy. Focusing on UNESCO's use of books, Sarah Brouillette identifies three phases in the agency's history and explores the literary and cultural programming of each. In the immediate postwar period, healthy economies made possible the funding of an infrastructure in support of a liberal cosmopolitanism and the spread of capitalist democracy. In the decolonizing 1960s and '70s, illiteracy and lack of access to literature were lamented as a \"book hunger\" in the developing world, and reading was touted as a universal humanizing value to argue for a more balanced communications industry and copyright regime. Most recently, literature has become instrumental in city and nation branding that drive tourism and the heritage industry. Today, the agency largely treats high literature as a commercially self-sustaining product for wealthy aging publics, and fundamental policy reform to address the uneven relations that characterize global intellectual property creation is off the table. UNESCO's literary programming is in this way highly suggestive. A trajectory that might appear to be one of triumphant success—literary tourism and festival programming can be quite lucrative for some people—is also, under a different light, a story of decline.

This paper offers insights into the importance of school governing bodies (SGB) with particular reference to the participation of learners in the effective governance of public schools. The intention is to proffer an in-depth analysis of how SGBs are effective in school governance and professional management of public schools as enshrined by the South African Schools Act of 1996 (SASA). This qualitative study, which is located within an interpretive paradigm, is underpinned by democratic theories. National and international scholarly literature were interrogated to glean further insight into the research topic. It took a deliberate and concerted effort to interrogate the role of learners in school governance given that leadership and management are associated with youth advocacy and gender. The desktop research used a variety of data collection techniques like literature reviews of academic research and documents to generate different kinds of data sources to be used in the overall analysis like the corpus. Each method of data collection required different expertise and skill sets from the larger project team. Data analysis consisted of two main types of analysis namely, content analysis and gap analysis.Qualitative in nature, the paper adopted a desktop approach. Selected studies were used to ventilate how youth (teenagers) are projected in the school governance matrix. Age-related stereotypes of the apartheid era in South Africa have been implanted in the mindset of many men and women. These distresses limit their imitativeness potential in leadership performance in school circles. The paper submits that school policies exemplified by the Constitution of South Africa and SASA offer appropriate guidance on how public entities such as SGBs must execute their duties in society. We contend that the role of learners in the school management milieu is viewed as insignificant and a placeholder portfolio. Therefore, the paper suggests ongoing capacity development workshops and training as vital in keeping up with the evolution of the education system. The paper strongly recommends that learners should be able to understand their roles and functions within the school and education system to make them more visible and efficient in any role dealing with school governance issues. A collaborative-cum participatory approach (learners’ strength) advocates the importance of working particularly, alongside the school principals and understanding the principal’s role in the SGB. Such an approach will enhance SGBs’ effectiveness and broaden learners’ participation in school governance as a way of creating sound future leaders. All in all, learners provide a vital cog in school governance matters.

PurposeThe public administration literature on representative bureaucracy identifies several advantages from having a diverse public service workforce, but it has not explicitly focused on leadership. For its part, the public sector leadership literature has largely ignored the issue of gender. The purpose of this paper is to rectify these limitations by advancing the argument that having a representative bureaucracy is fundamentally a leadership issue. Moreover, it assesses the extent to which representativeness has been achieved in the Canadian federal public service.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a discussion of the importance of a representative bureaucracy for democratic governance. In the next section, the case is made that representativeness is fundamentally intertwined with the concept of administrative leadership. Then, the article provides an interpretive case study analysis of the federal public service in Canada, which is the global leader in terms of women's representation in public service leadership positions.FindingsThe initial breakthrough for gender representation in the Canadian federal public service was 1995. From that point onward, the proportion of women in the core public administration exceeded workforce availability. However, women continued to be modestly under-represented among the senior leadership cadre throughout the early 2000s. The watershed moment for gender representation in the federal public service was 2011 when the number of women in the executive group exceeded workforce availability for the first time. Significant progress toward greater representativeness in the other target groups has also been made but ongoing vigilance is required.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only determines the passive representation of women in the Public Service of Canada and is not able to comment on the extent to which women are substantively represented in federal policy outcomes.Originality/valueThe paper traces the Canadian federal government's progress toward achieving gender representation over time, while commenting on the extent to which the public service reflects broader diversity. In doing so, it explicitly links representation to leadership, which the existing literature fails to do, by arguing that effective administrative leadership is contingent upon having a diverse public service. Moreover, it highlights the importance of gender for public sector leadership, which hitherto has been neglected.

This article tries to analyze two rounds theoretical and political productivity of the last book of the Greek-French philosopher Nikos Poulantzas. In the first, we reflect on its proposed joint Socialism and Democracy. In this framework focuses poulantziana uniqueness but historically located in what is called the eurocomunismo. The second course, Foucault analyzes the influence in his relational perspective and approach of power. Here are concerns that fall under \"68\" in both time visibility of other subjects, spaces and social resistance. A purpose of this influence also highlights the irreducible distance is considered between both authors that is linked to the weighting given to each class struggle.

Conversations avec le maître, the first volume of a series called ‘Haute mer’, is a novel about the experience of listening to music. Through conversations between a composer and an anonymous young woman, it conveys crucial aspects of musical listening and of its verbal expression. This article examines the functioning of dialogue between the two characters; moreover, it studies the relationship between creation and reception, as expressed in the novel. It also examines what is at stake in this dialogue: the power of art in its relation to reality, to History. How may music become the echo of contemporary catastrophes? The article offers a close reading of the novel’s descriptions of listening to music: what literary techniques enable the author to put it into words?

En composant Amphitryon, Molière imitait pour la première fois un dramaturge antique, Plaute, dont, vers 1450, on avait restitué la comédie, qui mettait en scène le maître des dieux usurpant l’identité d’un mortel pour bénéficier des faveurs de son épouse malgré elle et en faire naître un fils : Hercule. Molière revint bientôt à la comédie romaine en imitant l’Aulularia avec L’Avare, représenté quelques mois après Amphitryon, puis en quittant Plaute pour Térence avec Les Fourberies de Scapin, jouées en 1671. Cette première comédie diffère beaucoup des deux suivantes par la fidélité même de Molière à son modèle car elle préserve le prestige des dieux ; or, en réécrivant Amphitruo, Molière n’était pas forcément amené, dans sa démarche de modernisation, à les montrer avec révérence. Nous montrerons que les modifications apportées par Molière au traitement du sujet par Plaute et Rotrou traduisaient le souci de sa réception par un Hercule royal moderne et qu’au désir de faire rire l’élite de Cour par la drôlerie du texte s’ajoutait celui de réjouir les sens et de drainer l’admiration vers la figure centrale, grâce à une « capacité de faire résonner son art dans le politique9 » ; on verra cependant que, tout en flattant le goût aulique et en ouvrant la voie à une version musicale et chorégraphique, qui fut donnée en 1681, mélange des tons, utilisation des machines, style et structure de la comédie, préservaient une sorte de quant-à-soi moliéresque.

\"Barbares\" et \"sauvages\" représentent des figures de l'altérité par excellence dans l'imaginaire de la Renaissance. Ils sont omniprésents dans l'œuvre du polygraphe François de Belleforest, auteur d'une célèbre Cosmographie universelle (1575), ainsi que d'une série de volumes d'Histoires tragiques qui rencontrèrent un immense succès auprès des lecteurs des années 1560-1600. Dans ces textes, l'altérité revêt des visages très divers: Belleforest met en scène les cannibales du Brésil, mais aussi Amleth, personnage appartenant à un peuple \"assez barbare et mal civilisé,\" le cacique Enriquillo, \"sauvage\" de l'île d'Hispaniola, ou encore Soliman le magnifique, sultan \"barbare et infidelle\" coupable du meurtre de son fils Mustapha. L'altérité se définit chez l'écrivain commingeois selon deux pôles complémentaires, dont je propose d'étudier les caractéristiques et la signification. Dans l'œuvre cosmographique de Belleforest, barbares et sauvages, amérindiens en particulier, s'intègrent à un vaste projet d'histoire totale d'inspiration polybienne. Ils appartiennent dans ce contexte à des catégories qui excluent toute individualité: anthropophages sanguinaires, péruviens sacrificateurs, Haïtiens \"sans loys, ny seigneur.\" Simples figurants dans la Cosmographie universelle, les \"sauvages\" deviennent acteurs à part entière dans l'univers des Histoires tragiques, qui évoque les Vies parallèles de Plutarque, ainsi que la tragédie de la Renaissance. Se profile alors une réflexion philosophique qui représente une véritable rencontre de \"l'Autre.\"