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An authoritative introduction to the roles of switching and transmission in broadband integrated services networks Principles of Broadband Switching and Networking explains the design and analysis of switch architectures suitable for broadband integrated services networks, emphasizing packet-switched interconnection networks with distributed routing algorithms. The text examines the mathematical properties of these networks, rather than specific implementation technologies. Although the pedagogical explanations in this book are in the context of switches, many of the fundamental principles are relevant to other communication networks with regular topologies. After explaining the concept of the modern broadband integrated services network and why it is necessary in today’s society, the book moves on to basic switch design principles, discussing two types of circuit switch design—space domain and time domain—and packet switch design. Throughput improvements are illustrated by some switch design variations such as Speedup principle, Channel-Grouping principle, Knockout principle, and Dilation principle. Moving seamlessly into advanced switch design principles, the book covers switch scalability, switch design for multicasting, and path switching. Then the focus moves to broadband communications networks that make use of such switches. Readers receive a detailed introduction on how to allocate network resources and control traffic to satisfy the quality of service requirements of network users and to maximize network usage. As an epilogue, the text shows how transmission noise and packet contention have similar characteristics and can be tamed by comparable means to achieve reliable communication. Principles of Broadband Switching and Networking is written for senior undergraduate and first-year postgraduate students with a solid background in probability theory.

[Purpose/Significance] This paper systematically reviews the current situation and characteristics of major agricultural open scientific data resources, so as to provide references for a \"digital government\" to manage and use scientific data. [Method/Process] The concept and connotation of agricultural scientific data were determined, and the investigation and analysis were carried out from four dimensions: resource type and data format, the scope of a subject field, the method of knowledge organization and the service mode. Based on a survey of government agents, agricultural research institutions, universities and agricultural library and information institutions, this paper investigated important agricultural science data websites and platforms constructed by those organizations, and selected 165 Chinese papers and 167 English papers as supplementary references. [Results/Conclusions] Based on the needs of macro and meso management of agricultural science and technology, it is suggested to give full play to the role of scientific research institutions, universities, libraries and information institutions, governments and enterprises in terms of their advantages in resources and specific subject fields, collect and integrate multi-type and multi-discipline heterogeneous scientific data resources, strengthen the internal association and integration of data, and provide support for the transformation of a digital government.

Modern power and transportation systems are subject to high requirements for reliability and performance in performing their specified functions. At the same time, these requirements are constantly increasing with the increasing complexity of technology and the introduction of electronics and computer technology into its structure. This is fully applicable to energy and transportation infrastructure, including electric vehicles. The complexity of the systems and increasing requirements for them have led to the fact that the problem of increasing their operational reliability has acquired great importance. The article presents a review of methods and justification of ensuring a high level of reliability and serviceability of technical systems as one of the most important tasks in the creation and operation of complex systems, such as modern energy and transportation systems. It is shown that a significant reserve in solving the problem of increasing the reliability and performance of technical systems is the information on failures and malfunctions of these systems obtained from the field of operation. The methodology of collection and processing of statistical information on failures of vehicles described by different distribution laws is outlined.

During the fourth industrial revolution, based on information and communication technology (ICT), service-led growth has been an increasingly important development area. This paper focuses on service-led growth as an innovative business model in the circular economy and offers the ‘product as service model’. A business model needs to be flexibly adjustable for changes in the market in response to changes in technology, the economy, and the environment. For firms facing increasing scarcity of resources, the right business model for using resources is becoming crucial for their growth. In a circular economy, a new method of business modelling is essential. This paper introduces the ‘product as a service model’ using a conceptualized and case study methodology. We illustrate this innovative circular business model through product servitization at the Hyundai Automotive Enterprise in Korea. This business model can be effective because of emerging new ‘smart connected products’ such as the ‘internet of things’ and ‘fifth generation’ network technologies. Cost, convenience, and the circular economy for firms, consumers, and the environment are critical factors in this new business model.

The student community in colleges and universities is based on students’ common living areas, and the community service model in colleges and universities should be student-oriented and centered on students’ development. This paper proposes a one-stop community service model from a student-oriented perspective, with the service community model and service recommendation model being the main component modules. In the service community model, a context-based association relationship mining algorithm is proposed to add time and location contexts to the collaborative filtering algorithm in order to obtain a collection of similar users and services. After constructing the one-stop service community, a service recommendation algorithm based on a trusted coalition is proposed to introduce student credibility and service usage frequency to achieve personalized recommendations of services. University H’s student community implemented the one-stop community service model. After the practice, the mean value of each dimension of the community’s service mode and content evaluation was greater than 3, and the overall satisfaction evaluation value of the community was 39.49, which was extremely significant compared with the evaluation value of University C (P<0.01). The mean value of students’ mental health evaluation reached 3.33.

To identify key mental health service components required for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and develop proposed modelling to modify the National Mental Health Service Planning Framework to account for the unique needs of these populations. Service areas and corresponding modelling rules were informed by a review and analysis of literature and data (on existing service models and policy directions) and expert group discussions on the important aspects of mental health care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Eight key service areas were identified and translated into proposed modelling rules for service planning: culturally appropriate assessment; increased care coordination; more family and carer involvement and support; specified workforce; holistic primary care teams; enhanced staffing for inpatient care; integrating culture; and earlier support for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. This study provides a consolidated framework and implementation guidance to support more effective mental health service planning for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Better supporting planners to make informed decisions regarding mental health service provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples will assist in a nationally coordinated approach to closing the mental health gap between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous peoples.

Background One in five children with an intellectual disability in the UK display behaviours that challenge. Despite associated impacts on the children themselves, their families, and services, little research has been published about how best to design, organise, and deliver health and care services to these children. The purpose of this study was to describe how services are structured and organised (“service models”) in England for community-based health and care services for children with intellectual disability who display behaviours that challenge. Methods Survey data about services were collected from 161 eligible community-based services in England. Staff from 60 of these services were also interviewed. A combination of latent class and descriptive analysis, coupled with consultation with family carers and professionals was used to identify and describe groupings of similar services (i.e., “service models”). Results The latent class analysis, completed as a first step in the process, supported a distinction between specialist services and non-specialist services for children who display behaviours that challenge. Planned descriptive analyses incorporating additional study variables were undertaken to further refine the service models. Five service models were identified: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) ( n = 69 services), Intellectual Disability CAMHS ( n = 28 services), Children and Young People Disability services ( n = 25 services), Specialist services for children who display behaviours that challenge ( n = 27 services), and broader age range services for children and/or adolescents and adults ( n= 12 services). Conclusions Our analysis led to a typology of five service models for community health and care services for children with intellectual disabilities and behaviours that challenge in England. Identification of a typology of service models is a first step in building evidence about the best provision of services for children with intellectual disabilities who display behaviours that challenge. The methods used in the current study may be useful in research developing service typologies in other specialist fields of health and care. Study registration Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN88920546, Date assigned 05/07/2022.

[Purpose/Significance] In the context of the country vigorously promoting nationwide reading and constantly improving the public cultural service system, China's public libraries continue to innovate their service models, introduce social forces and seek cooperation with bookstores to form a new model of integrated development. [Method/Process] The paper first introduces the policy background and practice of the integrated development mode of libraries and bookstores and summarizes the current cooperation projects between public libraries and bookstores in China. Then it puts forward two kinds of integration modes: based on service space and based on information systems. After comparing the typical cases of integration between public libraries and bookstores, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the development of their integration. [Results/Conclusions] It pointed out some countermeasures that the two sides should strengthen communication, establish the supervision mechanism, increase collaboration with more bookstores, and expand the scope of service coverage. The two sides should further enhance their integration, and jointly promote the nationwide reading in China.

The world is facing major societal challenges because of an aging population that is putting increasing pressure on the sustainability of care. While demand for care and social services is steadily increasing, the supply is constrained by the decreasing workforce. The development of smart, physical, social and age-friendly environments is identified by World Health Organization (WHO) as a key intervention point for enabling older adults, enabling them to remain as much possible in their residences, delay institutionalization, and ultimately, improve quality of life. In this study, we survey smart environments, machine learning and robot assistive technologies that can offer support for the independent living of older adults and provide age-friendly care services. We describe two examples of integrated care services that are using assistive technologies in innovative ways to assess and deliver of timely interventions for polypharmacy management and for social and cognitive activity support in older adults. We describe the architectural views of these services, focusing on details about technology usage, end-user interaction flows and data models that are developed or enhanced to achieve the envisioned objective of healthier, safer, more independent and socially connected older people.