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The history of Ptolemaic Egypt has usually been doubly isolated--separated both from the history of other Hellenistic states and from the history of ancient Egypt.The Last Pharaohs, the first detailed history of Ptolemaic Egypt as a state, departs radically from previous studies by putting the Ptolemaic state firmly in the context of both Hellenistic and Egyptian history. More broadly still, J. G. Manning examines the Ptolemaic dynasty in the context of the study of authoritarian and premodern states, shifting the focus of study away from modern European nation-states and toward ancient Asian ones. By analyzing Ptolemaic reforms of Egyptian economic and legal structures,The Last Pharaohsgauges the impact of Ptolemaic rule on Egypt and the relationships that the Ptolemaic kings formed with Egyptian society. Manning argues that the Ptolemies sought to rule through--rather than over--Egyptian society. He tells how the Ptolemies, adopting a pharaonic model of governance, shaped Egyptian society and in turn were shaped by it. Neither fully Greek nor wholly Egyptian, the Ptolemaic state within its core Egyptian territory was a hybrid that departed from but did not break with Egyptian history. Integrating the latest research on archaeology, papyrology, theories of the state, and legal history, as well as Hellenistic and Egyptian history,The Last Pharaohsdraws a dramatically new picture of Egypt's last ancient state.

Death to Tyrants! is the first comprehensive study of ancient Greek tyrant-killing legislation--laws that explicitly gave individuals incentives to \"kill a tyrant.\" David Teegarden demonstrates that the ancient Greeks promulgated these laws to harness the dynamics of mass uprisings and preserve popular democratic rule in the face of anti-democratic threats. He presents detailed historical and sociopolitical analyses of each law and considers a variety of issues: What is the nature of an anti-democratic threat? How would various provisions of the laws help pro-democrats counter those threats? And did the laws work? Teegarden argues that tyrant-killing legislation facilitated pro-democracy mobilization both by encouraging brave individuals to strike the first blow against a nondemocratic regime and by convincing others that it was safe to follow the tyrant killer's lead. Such legislation thus deterred anti-democrats from staging a coup by ensuring that they would be overwhelmed by their numerically superior opponents. Drawing on modern social science models, Teegarden looks at how the institution of public law affects the behavior of individuals and groups, thereby exploring the foundation of democracy's persistence in the ancient Greek world. He also provides the first English translation of the tyrant-killing laws from Eretria and Ilion. By analyzing crucial ancient Greek tyrant-killing legislation, Death to Tyrants! explains how certain laws enabled citizens to draw on collective strength in order to defend and preserve their democracy in the face of motivated opposition.

Machiavelli praised his military genius. European royalty sought out his secret elixir against poison. His life inspired Mozart's first opera, while for centuries poets and playwrights recited bloody, romantic tales of his victories, defeats, intrigues, concubines, and mysterious death. But until now no modern historian has recounted the full story of Mithradates, the ruthless king and visionary rebel who challenged the power of Rome in the first century BC. In this richly illustrated book--the first biography of Mithradates in fifty years--Adrienne Mayor combines a storyteller's gifts with the most recent archaeological and scientific discoveries to tell the tale of Mithradates as it has never been told before. The Poison Kingdescribes a life brimming with spectacle and excitement. Claiming Alexander the Great and Darius of Persia as ancestors, Mithradates inherited a wealthy Black Sea kingdom at age fourteen after his mother poisoned his father. He fled into exile and returned in triumph to become a ruler of superb intelligence and fierce ambition. Hailed as a savior by his followers and feared as a second Hannibal by his enemies, he envisioned a grand Eastern empire to rival Rome. After massacring eighty thousand Roman citizens in 88 BC, he seized Greece and modern-day Turkey. Fighting some of the most spectacular battles in ancient history, he dragged Rome into a long round of wars and threatened to invade Italy itself. His uncanny ability to elude capture and surge back after devastating losses unnerved the Romans, while his mastery of poisons allowed him to foil assassination attempts and eliminate rivals. The Poison Kingis a gripping account of one of Rome's most relentless but least understood foes.

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Early Lydia The Lydian Kingdom and Empire Pre ‐ Achaemenid and Dynastic Lycia Guide to Further Reading

Dans Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi se découvre et découvre aussi sa position du privilege au cours des années 1980 et 1990 qui étaient extremement mouvementées pour l'Iran. La Révolution 1979 a bouleversé des vies et des reves des Iraniens qui ont vite dÛ quitter leur patrie. Le témoignage ne peut etre étudié que de sa position narrative (Harding, 1993). Ainsi, nous discuterons comment Satrapi, avec une prise de conscience de ses conditions, a travers la bande dessinée, prend la responsabilicé de forger un récit « response-able » (Oliver, 2001). Kelly Oliver, philosophe américaine, attribue la capacité des témoins et des auditeurs de répondre a faire atteindre le but de transmettre leur histoire, et par conséquent, de tourner la page.

Tipologie di fumetti real life, come quelle del graphic journalism e del fumetto d'inchiesta, hanno tematizzato i problemi delľimmigrazione. ^graphic novel Sindrome Italia. Stońa delk nostre badanti (2021) di Tiziana Francesca Vaccaro ed Elena Mistrello racconta la storia di Vasilica, che, come mol te altre donne dell'Est Europa, abbandonati fígli e parenti, giunge in Italia per lavorare come assistente familiare. La \"Sindrome Italia\", di cui soffre Vasilica, ě un vero e proprio disturbo mentale che comporta depressione, insonnia, ansia, allucinazioni, persino la tendenza al suicidio. Tale disagio psicológico, un fenomeno medico-sociale piú che malattia, si presenta nelle donne dell'Est Europa nel momento del ritorno alia propria nazione, dove i segni del trauma si fanno piú acuti. Il graphic novel di Vaccaro-Mistrello ha il grande pregio di raccontare al lettore italiano un fenomeno pressoché sconosciuto in Italia. In questo contributo, partendo da teorie e metodologie proprie dei Pratimą Studies, s'intende compiere un'analisi del graphic novel Sindrome Italia, concentrandosi sulle modalita in cui il medium del fumetto riesce a rappresentare il doloroso trauma della migrazione e delle sue conseguenze psicologiche.

Dans la bande dessinée, les femmes ont longtemps été représentées presque exclusivement par des personnages dessinés par des hommes et dont l’apparence et les actions correspondaient généralement aux attentes d’un lectorat majoritairement masculin. Des exceptions, comme Claire Bretécher (Les Frustrés) ou Chantal Montellier (Andy Gang; Odile et les Crocodiles)1 publiée dans Métal Hurlant, ont tout au plus confirmé la règle. Ainsi, il n’est pas étonnant que, depuis les années 1970, outre la créatrice d’Agrippine, seule Florence Cestac ait été honorée du Grand Prix de la Ville d’Angoulême. Dans le même laps de temps, le jury du Festival de la Bande dessinée d’Angoulême a récompensé presque exclusivement des hommes du Prix du meilleur album et seules Annie Goetzinger, Laurence Harlé et Marjane Satrapi ont jusqu’à présent pu interrompre cette série. Face à ce constat, un appel au boycott médiatique a été lancé en 2016, quand 30 hommes ont été nominés pour le Grand Prix à Angoulême, mais aucune femme, ce qui a tout de même entraîné la nomination a posteriori de six autrices.2 Si la scène de la bande dessinée francophone a bougé, notamment du fait de ce type d’actions, la déclaration de Claire Bretécher à l’occasion de l’exposition de ses œuvres à la Bibliothèque du Centre Pompidou en 2015 est probablement toujours valable aujourd’hui: „Si les idées vont vite, les comportements changent lentement.“3

''I have had an exemplary relationship with P.G.&E. over the years,'' [Jerry Jones] told the newspaper. He added that he was unaware that his dealings with Pacific Gas were part of the California investigations. A candidate for the Republican nomination for governor, Tommy Robinson, recently called the deal ''disgusting.'' His opponent, E. Sheffield Nelson, was Arkla's chairman when the 1982 arrangement with Jones was approved. Robinson, an Arkansas Congressman, and Nelson both have had close personal ties with Jones for several years. ''They approached us,'' Jones was quoted as having said, referring to Pacific Gas. ''We have a very, very attractive arrangement for P.G.&E., in our view. There are very logical reasons why they are doing what they are doing.''

In Poulet aux prunes, space contributes considerably to the semantization of Nasser Ali's character. This character is tragic, in vain searching for maternal love. The universe of Nasser Ali includes 3 spaces: the here, the elsewhere, and the hereafter. The here, represented by the maternal body and Iran's homeland, designates the maternal figure. Yet, this land is occupied by another, it is an inaccessible land for our hero. Driven by the here, the protagonist hopes to find a substitute mother figure in the elsewhere, represented by the world of women and the world of music. But he is disappointed because elsewhere gives him only illusory substitute mothers. The tragedy of Nasser Ali is that of space: he finds nowhere his mother; in his quest, everywhere, here as elsewhere, he is perpetually frustrated. In such a situation, there remains only one space: the hereafter, represented by his room, where he locks himself after deciding not to live, and the grave being his last home. For this tragic character, only suicide and death allow him to relive the intrauterine existence and thus to join the maternal body, a space from which he was excluded as long as he lived.