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The international handbook on gender, migration and transnationalism : global and development perspectives
This book represents a state-of-the-art review of the critical importance of the links between gender and migration in a globalising world. It draws on original largely field-based contributions by authors across a range of disciplinary provenances worldwide.
BOOK
Why Status Matters for Inequality
To understand the mechanisms behind social inequality, this address argues that We need to more thoroughly incorporate the effects of status—inequality based on differences in esteem and respect—alongside those based on resources and power. As a micro motive for behavior, status is as significant as money and power. At a macro level, status stabilizes resource and power inequality by transforming it into cultural status beliefs about group differences regarding who is \"better\" (esteemed and competent). But cultural status beliefs about which groups are \"better\" constitute group differences as independent dimensions of inequality that generate material advantages due to group membership itself. Acting through microlevel social relations in workplaces, schools, and elsewhere, status beliefs bias evaluations of competence and suitability for authority, bias associational preferences, and evoke resistance to status challenges from low-status group members. These effects accumulate to direct members of higher status groups toward positions of resources and power while holding back lower status group members. Through these processes, status writes group differences such as gender, race, and class-based life style into organizational structures of resources and power, creating durable inequality. Status is thus a central mechanism behind durable patterns of inequality based on social differences.
Journal Article
Gendering the international asylum and refugee debate
Refugees and asylum seekers are the subject of major debates both at national and international level. But the debates exclude a gendered perspective that considers the experiences and needs of men and women. This study provides a comprehensive account of the situation of women refugees globally and explains how they differ from men.
Book
Degrees of Change: An Assessment of the Deinstitutionalization of Marriage Thesis
This article reexamines the thesis that marriage is becoming deinstitutionalized. It first reviews relevant theoretical literature on social institutions, including the “new institutionalism” and the work of Bourdieu on cultural capital. It addresses the great social class differences that have emerged in American family life over the past few decades and their implications for the deinstitutionalization thesis. It then evaluates the thesis, with these conclusions: What has happened in recent years to the place of marriage in the broader field of intimate partnerships is consistent with the deinstitutionalization thesis, although primarily among the non‐college‐educated. In contrast, marriage still plays a central role in the field of intimate partnerships among the college‐educated. Moreover, the behavior of partners within marriage has not change enough to conclude the deinstitutionalization has occurred. The article also examines related claims about marriage and individualism, the concept of capstone marriage, and same‐sex marriage.
Journal Article
Indicators of social inequalities associated with cancer mortality in Brazilian adults: scoping review
Abstract The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar indicadores de desigualdades sociais associados à mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de escopo, estabelecendo-se a pergunta norteadora: qual o efeito das desigualdades sociais na mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira? Foram identificados 567 trabalhos, sendo 22 considerados elegíveis. Identificou-se uma diversidade de indicadores, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o Índice de Gini, entre outros, que avaliaram primordialmente diferenças de renda, escolarização, desenvolvimento humano e vulnerabilidade. Não foi estabelecido um único padrão de associação entre os indicadores e as diferentes neoplasias, assim como não se identificou um indicador único capaz de explicar o efeito da desigualdade social em todos os níveis de área e por óbitos por todos os tipos de neoplasias, mas identificou-se que a mortalidade é influenciada pelas desigualdades sociais e que o estudo dos indicadores proporciona definir qual melhor explica os óbitos. Essa revisão destaca importantes lacunas referentes ao uso de indicadores sociais não modificáveis, à análise de pequenas áreas e ao uso limitado de indicadores multidimensionais.
Journal Article
The difference childhood makes: Uniqueness, accommodation, and the ethics of otherness
This article examines how the concept of childhood shapes understandings of social difference in education, with a focus on the intersections of ability, disability, and pedagogy. Through an exploration of childhood objects, teacher candidates' reflections revealed three recurring ways to approach difference: as an expression of individual uniqueness, as requiring accommodation, and as an irreconcilable disruption. We draw on Lauren Berlant to show how narratives of uniqueness and accommodation tended to reaffirm the ‘cruel optimism’ of normative developmental frameworks and ideals of assimilation. We further show how moments of disruptive difference unsettled and inconvenienced these paradigms, creating openings to reflect on educators’ own ways of embodying alterity to create a space for criticality. By centering the ethical possibilities inherent in disruptive differences, this work invites educators to imagine education not as a site of management or resolution, but as a space of relational interdependence, where coexistence depends on valuing the inconvenience of difference. Our findings call for a reimagining of pedagogy as an ethical encounter that embraces the complexity of living with and through difference.
Journal Article
Expanding the gaze : gender and the politics of surveillance
\"From sexualized selfies and hidden camera documentaries to the bouncers monitoring patrons at Australian nightclubs, the ubiquity of contemporary surveillance goes far beyond the National Security Agency's bulk data collection or the proliferation of security cameras on every corner. Expanding the Gaze is a collection of important new empirical and theoretical works that demonstrate the significance of the gendered dynamics of surveillance. Bringing together contributors from criminology, sociology, communication studies, and women's studies, the eleven essays in the volume suggest that we cannot properly understand the implications of the rapid expansion of surveillance practices today without paying close attention to its gendered nature. Together, they constitute a timely interdisciplinary contribution to the development of feminist surveillance studies.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
(No) Harm in Asking: Class, Acquired Cultural Capital, and Academic Engagement at an Elite University
How do undergraduates engage authority figures in college? Existing explanations predict class-based engagement strategies. Using in-depth interviews with 89 undergraduates at an elite university, I show how undergraduates with disparate precollege experiences differ in their orientations toward and strategies for engaging authority figures in college. Middle-class undergraduates report being at ease in interacting with authority figures and are proactive in doing so. Lower-income undergraduates, however, are split. The privileged poor—lower-income undergraduates who attended boarding, day, and preparatory high schools—enter college primed to engage professors and are proactive in doing so. By contrast, the doubly disadvantaged—lower-income undergraduates who remained tied to their home communities and attended local, typically distressed high schools—are more resistant to engaging authority figures in college and tend to withdraw from them. Through documenting the heterogeneity among lower-income undergraduates, I show how static understandings of individuals' cultural endowments derived solely from family background homogenize the experiences of lower-income undergraduates. In so doing, I shed new light on the cultural underpinnings of education processes in higher education and extend previous analyses of how informal university practices exacerbate class differences among undergraduates.
Journal Article