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The pros and cons of developing infrastructure, including transportation infrastructure, in a country known as an agricultural country will certainly involve and possibly sacrifice several parties. The development causes a dilemma for the affected parties. Klaten Regency is one of the areas in Central Java where the Yogyakarta-Solo toll road would be built. This article investigates some farmers affected by toll road construction in Klaten Regency to present the dilemma they felt using an approach to the level of achievement of farmers’ feelings towards this policy. The results of the research show the following achievement levels: (1) farmers felt sad about the land conversion due to the toll road construction project policy, (2) farmers were happy about the land acquisition compensation appraisal, and (3) farmers were sad about the decision to sell the land.

Results in more than 45 studies of infrastructure projects in 20 countries that ran overestimate. For rail projects, they predict average cost increases of 45%, for fixed-line projects (tunnels and bridges), of 34%, and for highway projects, of 30%. Indonesia is one of the 20 nations on 5 continents where cost overruns are a common occurrence. Cost overruns are one of the problems faced by most construction projects in Indonesia. Unexpected budget cost overruns can create many problems in the project. Therefore, every stakeholder in the project needs to have a good understanding of factors that cause cost overruns to avoid or minimize it risks in the project. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause cost overrun on a project and analyze the factors that are most influential on the occurrence of cost overrun on construction projects. This study used a systematic literature review to collect data from previous studies. This study resulted in 6 management elements, consisting of 85 variables identified in this study. 6 management elements factors, including material factors, labor factors, equipment factors, subcontractor factors, financial factors, and external factors. This is a fairly broad category that includes projects. The most cause factor of cost overrun land acquisition problems

In the field of road transport, Advanced Traveller Information Systems represent a relevant tool to manage road traffic, improve drivers’ utility and make a more efficient use of transport infrastructure. Due to the growing sources of en-route information available nowadays, it is crucial to understand better its influence on drivers’ behaviour, particularly with regard to route choice. Previous research in this field has mainly focused on the provision of en-route information in toll-free environments. However, few researches have explored its influence when a tolled alternative is available. This paper is aimed at exploring the influence of variable message signs (VMS) information on drivers’ route choice, made between a free highway and a competing tolled alternative. To that end, we develop a binary logit analysis based on empirical data from the metropolitan area of Madrid, Spain. Results show that the type of information provided to drivers through VMS panels significantly influences their route choice when one of the alternatives is tolled. Furthermore, some combinations of messages, such as adding travel time estimates together with incident messages, greatly increase the diversion rate to the tolled route. The research also offers evidence that the influence of the information provided changes according to the type of day, which may be related to traffic conditions, and to the different types of user characteristic of weekday and weekend mobility.

Travel time is considered a main factor in travel demand modeling, taken almost exclusively in its objective form. Given that people base their decisions on perceptions rather than on objective attributes, this study aims to examine whether forecasting could benefit from the inclusion of subjective time. A second objective is to test and disentangle drivers’ tendency to estimate toll trips as shorter than non-toll trips. In a field experiment, shoppers departing a mall described their intended route and an alternative route, one of which via a nearby toll road. Participants provided time estimates for the two routes. Objective times were collected via smartphone tracking apps and Waze. All 386 participants were paid 10 NIS. To test the effects of toll self-payment, some participants were told that this sum was to cover the toll payment, and others that it was a participation fee. Consequently, some participants who had not intended to drive via the toll road were paid to do so. Results showed that drivers who intended to drive via the toll road exaggerated their time savings compared to drivers who did not intend to drive it but eventually did, suggesting drivers’ time estimates reflected an attempt to justify their route choice. Self-payment decreased estimated toll time savings. Drivers’ toll-route choice was estimated using binomial logit models, revealing better fit for models based on estimated, rather than objective, time. We concluded that estimated time data entails unique valuable information regarding drivers’ preferences, rendering its integration in toll-route modeling constructive and beneficial.

The paper demonstrates a method to determine road network improvements that also involve the use of a road toll charge, taking the perspective of the government or authority. A general discrete network design problem with a road toll pricing scheme, to minimize the total travel time under a budget constraint, is proposed. This approach is taken in order to determine the appropriate level of road toll pricing whilst simultaneously addressing the need for capacity. The proposed approach is formulated as a bi-level programming problem. The optimal road capacity improvement and toll level scheme is investigated with respect to the available budget levels and toll revenues.

This study aims to analyze the selection of the A.P. Pettarani Elevated Toll Road route. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and reviewing respondents to describe the travel characteristics of A.P. Pettarani Elevated Toll Road respondents using Ms. Excel to process the data. The results showed that in the selection of A.P. Pettarani elevated toll road to the airport, and the dominant respondents entered the toll road through the Bakti road where the traveler was aged 50-59 years old, with the last education being a bachelor’s degree, working as an officer, with an income of IDR 4.5M-5.5M. The travel costs incurred are IDR20-30K, travel distance of 7-11 km, travel time of 10-20 minutes, and travel frequency of 15-20 times a month to travel for work/business. In the selection of travel routes using the A.P. Pettarani elevated toll road to the port, the dominant respondents entered the overpass toll road through the Rappocini road, where the traveler was aged 20-29 years old, with the last education being a bachelor’s degree, working as an officer, with an income of IDR 4.5M-5.5M. The travel costs incurred are IDR20-30K, travel distance of 7-11 km, travel time of 20-30 minutes, and travel frequency of 15-20 times to travel for work/business.

Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems are based on tags, on-board units associated to personal bank accounts, used for paying tolls electronically. Despite the benefits associated to their use, acknowledged by public authorities among other stakeholders, these systems are relentlessly penetrating as a means for paying the use of roads worldwide. However, governments and infrastructure operators still have a great potential to increase the effectiveness and expediency of these mechanisms. Previous literature in this field has focused on analyzing users’ perceptions and willingness to pay to use toll roads. However, there is still room for addressing additional aspects such as drivers’ adoption of ETC systems in these road networks allowing the payment of tolls electronically. The aim of this paper is to identify the explanatory factors influencing the adoption of ETC technologies by toll road drivers. To that end, we exploit a nationwide survey conducted to road users in interurban toll roads in Spain, and develop a multilevel logit framework to explore users’ adoption and position towards the use of electronic tolling. The research concludes that drivers’ tag ownership is mainly related to trip-related attributes, while personal socioeconomic characteristics play a minor role. Then, it is not possible to establish specific socioeconomic user market segments to direct policy efforts aimed at increasing the penetration of ETC. Furthermore, according to the results, delivering tag devices for free would be an effective policy measure to encourage individuals adopting electronic tolling and making additional use of toll roads, due to the benefits provided by ETC systems.

Background: Rear-end crashes on toll roads have been a significant issue in Indonesia. This type of crash exists and needs a mitigation strategy. However, limited research exists examining the mechanism and contributing factors of these crashes in Indonesia. This research aimed to describe how rear-end crashes have occurred on toll roads in Indonesia, describe associated risk factors, develop a model for assessing the risk of rear-end crashes on Indonesian toll roads and identify potential mitigation strategies. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was developed and assessed for validity and reliability. It was distributed (online) to 220 drivers who had experienced a rear-end crash or near-crash in the past year. Results: The findings from this study showed that contributing factors are driver (55%), environment (33%), and vehicle (12%). Subject vehicles usually consisted of private vehicles, while the lead (struck) vehicles included private vehicles (91.8%), trucks (7.27%), and buses (0.93%). Discussion: This study also found two phenomena of local unique behavior in Indonesian toll roads that lead to rear-end crashes, such as \"Lane Hogger\" and driving under the speed limit (trucks) that lead other vehicles to rear-end crashes. Conclusion: Factors contributing to rear-crash risk on Indonesian toll roads were driving experience (ownership driving license 15-20 years), breaking driving rules, driving in the right lane, and using an MPV. The findings from this study can improve potential mitigation strategies, including developing focused driving rules, traffic signs on toll roads, and crash avoidance technology.

This study investigates the extent to which the construction of national toll roads in the Jakarta–Bandung region in Indonesia induces the development of local road projects nearby. In doing so, we disentangle the direct and indirect supply effects by considering the year of construction and urban development, respectively. We formulate four binary logit models to examine the direct and indirect relationships between toll road construction and local road projects. The dataset comprises 94 road projects planned or carried out between 2004 and 2016. We conduct interviews with local officials in the Jakarta–Bandung area to obtain data on the projects' decision-making processes. Our modelling results show that existing and planned toll roads induce the development of local road projects both directly and indirectly. Local road projects tend to be developed in anticipation of the opening of a toll road. The changes in residential area and population around the toll roads also induce local road construction.

The Government of Indonesia implemented the Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) model, relying on private investment to bridge the financing gap in developing public infrastructure facilities, including toll roads. Toll road investments, like other greenfield infrastructure projects, are typically characterized by high project risk, which discourages private sector investment. Many previous studies have investigated the various risk events in toll road investment projects, but only a few have assessed the interrelationships of risk events in the Indonesian context. This study fills this knowledge gap by determining which risk event influences other events most. Fuzzy interpretive structural modelling combined with the matrix impact of cross-references multiplication applied to a classification method was used to determine the hierarchy of risk events and analyze their influences on other risk events. A total of fourteen risk events were identified and analyzed. An unclear output specification was found to be the most significant risk event, with the biggest driving power affecting other risks. The findings and limitations of this study point the way forward for future research.