Explore the vast range of titles available.

Increasing freight volumes and challenging environments in seaports and container terminals worldwide require streamlined and reliable operations. Digital twins are seen as important drivers of the digitalization in seaports by providing a basis for higher transparency, control and data-driven decision making. In this context, however, the concept is rarely studied, and implementation issues are not comprehensively discussed. The paper presents an exploratory study of digital twins in seaports based on a literature review and case studies. The analysis reveals a standardization deficit for digital twin implementations, an inflationary and improper use of the term digital twin, and fields of research that need to be explored further. The application of optimization methods and the integration of simulation-based optimization in the field of seaports and container terminals is examined, due to its relevance for digital twins. Important lessons learned can be taken from the most advanced implementations, integrating simulations and emulations with optimization methods. An in-depth examination of multiple case studies and discussions with global port leaders yields valuable perspectives on the varied levels of digital twin implementations being applied today, including insights into the most advanced implementations currently being used in ports and container terminals. As a result of the analyses conducted, various research directions and a research agenda are presented.

This paper addresses a method for creating the supply chain model of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to a barge-mounted power plant (BMPP) of 30 MW in Sambelia. This paper conducts the supply chain using a landing craft tank (LCT) ship as the LNG carrier, equipped with a specific principal dimension, and an ISO tank as the LNG storage facility. The use of LCT has the advantage of being able to sail in coastal areas and can be converted using existing ships. This comprehensive techno-economic assessment consists of calculating the LNG demands for the BMPP, the arrangement of ISO containerized tank stacking in the LCT, and identifying the LNG terminal facilities. Moreover, the research points for a future LNG economy are highlighted; cost-effective production and utilization solutions for enhancing the feasibility of LNG. The Landing Craft Tank (LCT), a vessel with a load capacity of 32 container tanks (20 ft) and a volume of 20.38 m 3 , distributes LNG to BMPP Sambelia. The economic analysis of LNG distribution patterns from Benoa LNG Terminal to BMPP 30 MW Sambelia, using LCT ships with FSRU (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) receiver terminals, reveals that at a margin of $2.2, the most optimal option has an IRR of 11.6%, a payback period of 5.7, and an ROI of 17.41%.

With the rapid development of global trade, the cargo throughput of automated container terminals (ACTs) has increased significantly. To meet the demands of large-scale, high-intensity, and high-efficiency ACT operations, the seamless integration of various terminal facilities has become crucial, particularly the collaboration between yard cranes (YCs) and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). Therefore, an integrated scheduling problem for YCs and AGVs (YAAISP) is proposed and formulated in this paper, considering stacking containers and bidirectional transport of AGVs. As the YAAISP is an NP-hard problem, an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is proposed in which a reverse learning strategy is used for the population to enhance population diversity; a random difference variation strategy is employed to improve individual exploration capabilities; and a nonlinear convergence factor alongside an adaptive weighting mechanism to dynamically balance global exploration and local exploitation. For container tasks of size 100, the objective function value (OFV) of the IWOA was reduced by 9.25% compared to the standard Whale Optimization Algorithm. Comparisons with other algorithms, such as the Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimizer, showed an OFV reduction of 9.61% to 11.75%. This validates the superiority of the proposed method.

Today’s airport passenger terminals are required to be planned and designed to ensure flexibility for future adjustments at minimal cost, but also to respond to changes in demand and/or needs of passengers, airlines, and aircraft. To achieve these goals for airports and their operators, planning must be flexible and balanced. Recent data show that the airline business model of low-cost carriers continues to grow, especially after the pandemic. The analysis of the passenger traffic demand and shares of airline business models against the capacity of the existing airport terminal facilities can indicate whether certain adjustments are needed to meet the future conditions. In this research, forecasting of traffic demand and shares of airline business models was made. The forecasting tools of Python and MS Excel were used. Based on traffic demand forecasts and the dominant airline business model, guidelines for future airport terminal planning were proposed for the case-study airport. An example of the adjustment of airport terminal facilities at Pula Airport passenger terminal is provided using AutoCAD, according to forecasted traffic demand and the dominant share of low-cost carriers.

Structural damage is a prevalent issue in long-term operations of harbor terminals. Addressing the lack of transparency in terminal infrastructure components, the limited integration of sensor monitoring data, and the insufficient support for feedback on service performance, we propose a novel digital twin system construction methodology tailored for the long-term monitoring of port terminals. This study elaborates on the organization and processing of foundational geospatial data, sensor monitoring information, and oceanic hydrometeorological data essential for constructing a digital twin of the terminal. By mapping relationships between physical and virtual spaces, we developed comprehensive dynamic and static models of terminal facilities. Employing a “particle model” approach, we visually represented oceanic and meteorological elements. Additionally, we developed a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion model to facilitate the rapid creation of data indexes for harbor elements under high concurrency conditions, effectively addressing performance issues related to scene-rendering visualization and real-time sensor data storage efficiency. Experimental validation demonstrates that this method enables the rapid construction of digital twin systems for port terminals and supports practical application in business scenarios. Data analysis and comparison confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, providing an effective approach for the long-term monitoring of port terminal operations.

The article presents the technical and organizational assumptions of RFID implementation in selected elements of supply chains, especially in warehouses, transhipment, and terminal facilities. A method of quantifying RFID technology has been proposed. On this basis, the structure of a mathematical model was submitted to evaluate selected performance indicators of RFID solutions in logistics facilities.

This paper discusses how advanced tracking and monitoring technologies can be used to increase safety for construction activities at airports. Airport construction is a significant infrastructure sector and in 2020 the Airport Improvement Program funded $300 million for airport projects in the United States. This includes funding for pavement reconstruction, airfield upgrades to meet current standards (e.g., wider runways), the construction of new terminal facilities, and additional capacity (e.g., new runways). The airfield environment presents special hazards for constructors, including proximity to active aircraft operations, and the requirement to comply with many additional rules such as those required by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Transportation Security Agency (TSA); many of these rules are required to ensure safety and security. Airport construction activities require close oversight, additional inspections by airport operations personnel, and stringent rules regarding access and operation in different areas of the airfield. Access and operating requirements affect both construction workers and construction equipment, and there are often different rules for different areas at the airport. One of the most restricted areas on an airport is the runway. Access to the runway and the safety area around a runway requires explicit permission from Air Traffic Control (ATC). If a vehicle or pedestrian (or aircraft) crosses the boundary without permission, it is considered a runway incursion. A runway incursion could cause a major incident at the airport and could result in injuries and fatalities. Runway incursion events are recorded by the FAA and represent a serious safety violation for the airport. Runway incursions and the technology to prevent incursions are discussed as an example that illustrates the need for and benefits of accurate monitoring of construction equipment and personnel. Technologies that may be used to enhance tracking and support situational awareness are present to illustrate the possible ways that enhanced monitoring can be used at an airport. Solutions may include the use of advanced technologies such as real-time vehicle location sensors, which may be combined with robust electronic maps to enhance safety for construction equipment and personnel location in the airfield environment. A discussion of opportunities and challenges of these systems is detailed.

Large cities face growing challenges of waste disposal due to the increase in urban population, economic development, and goods consumption, resulting in congestion, noise, and air pollution. The traditional trucking of waste material from collection points to landfills or garbage incinerators is no longer viable due to shrinking landfill capacity, stringent environmental regulations, and scarcity of land in urban areas. Recognizing all of these, New York City (NYC) initiated the first marine highway request for proposals (RFP) in the USA calling for a new waterborne proposal to export its residential waste material out of the region. An energy-from-waste (EFW) leading firm, seizing the opportunity, contracted us to develop an intermodal system. We developed a multimodal transportation system for the EFW firm and NYC that could eventually become a model and a solution to the mounting problems of urban waste management around the world for cities on the waterfront. Our approach consists in shipping the waste material to a power plant out of the city that generates energy from waste, with guarantees of state-of-the-art pollution control technologies. This poses transport challenges. We used a supply chain approach to illustrate the viability of a large-scale container intermodal system (truck–water–rail) via waterways and marine terminal facilities. This approach is built on containerized equipment, watertight container compartments, and intramodality. We used statistical analysis of daily waste volumes applied to standard weekly waste amounts and holiday peaks to determine the demand for tugs, barges, railcars, and containers, including a degree of redundancy. This paper presents the analysis results, from modeling and simulating to the system implementation that was used by the EFW firm to become the first waste disposal waterborne operating system in NYC and a model to emulate elsewhere. The operation, now fully implemented, reduces the number of truck miles driven, wear-and-tear on the roads and trucks, fuel consumption, congestion, noise, and pollution. The paper demonstrates that intermodal solutions are viable for large-scale waste disposal in major urban areas, utilizing existing waterways. A marine highway system is critical to solve goods movement problems and the growing challenges for urban freight movement and waste disposal.

Public transportation in Sidenreng Rappang Regency faces various problems that affect the achievement of tax collection effectiveness. One phenomenon that is often encountered in matters relating to the public transportation tax system is the emergence of an unofficial terminal, irregular tax collection processes, lack of motivation and guidance to tax management officers so that they are less professional in their field duties and public transportation facilities and infrastructure are not yet optimal. For this reason, planning for priority strategies is needed to increase local revenue (PAD). The purpose of this study is to design a priority strategy for increasing local revenue (PAD) through public transportation taxes in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. The research method used is a mixed-methods method. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Then the data were analyzed using stakeholder analysis methods and process hierarchy analysis. Stakeholders involved in increasing public transport taxes in Sidenreng Rappang Regency are divided into two groups. The first group is the key players. Key player’s group stakeholders must be more actively involved in planning and evaluating policy. The second group is the actors. Stakeholder group can bring risks, so their existence needs to be monitored and managed properly. To optimize the role of stakeholder actors, it is necessary to coordinate with key stakeholder groups in determining policy. The priority scale of the policy in increasing public transport taxes is as follows: 1) optimizing training and education programs in improving the quality of human resources and increasing the dissemination to taxpayers; 2) improve public transportation terminal facilities; 3) evaluating Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2010 concerning tax tariffs; and 4) cooperation between other agencies.

In the layout design of buildings using applications, such as in the fields of civil engineering, shipping, architecture, there are many design algorithm systems that have been developed. Design algorithm is an approaching method in design where the computer system has been processed with several formulas to produce designs automatically and efficiently. In this paper the researcher try to use one of the design algorithm to designing the LNG terminal layout, called BLOCPLAN algorithm. The BLOCPLAN algorithm is used to improve the efficiency of space utilization and facility placement. BLOCPLAN works by generating several terminal layouts with a direct appraisal system. A most efficient design will be selected from generated designs after re-analysis process. By using the BLOCPLAN algorithm the pipe length used in terminal will be less so it will be more cost-effective. In determining the main terminal facilities, Excel Solver is also used to choose the best scenario with low investment capital. Design algorithm system can effectively support the recommendation process of a more comprehensive layout design. This research is expected to facilitate the designers work because by using this method the designer no longer need to carry out complex processes from the initial stage of design.