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The perceived threat of 'transnational organized crime' to Western societies has been of huge interest to politicians, policy makers and social scientists over the last decade. This book considers the origins of this crime, how it has been defined and measured and the appropriateness of governments' policy responses. The contributors argue that while serious harm is often caused by transnational criminal activity - for example, the trafficking in human beings - the construction of that criminal activity as an external threat obscures the origins of these crimes in the markets for illicit goods and services within the 'threatened' societies. As such, the authors question the extent to which global crime can be controlled through law enforcement initiatives, and alternative policy initiatives are considered. The authors also question whether transnational organised crime will retain its place on the policy agendas of the United Nations and European Union in the wake of the 'War on Terror'. Part 1: Origins of the Concept Part 2: Measurements and Interpretations Part 3: Case Studies Part 4: Current and Prospective Responses Adam Edwards is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Social Sciences at Nottingham Trent University. Peter Gill is Reader in Politics and Security at the School of Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University. 'A significant contribution in the field of criminology.' - Global Crime

The rapid growth of organized crime in Mexico and the government’s response to it have driven an unprecedented rise in violence and impelled major structural economic changes, including the recent passage of energy reform. Los Zetas Inc. asserts that these phenomena are a direct and intended result of the emergence of the brutal Zetas criminal organization in the Mexican border state of Tamaulipas. Going beyond previous studies of the group as a drug trafficking organization, Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera builds a convincing case that the Zetas and similar organizations effectively constitute transnational corporations with business practices that include the trafficking of crude oil, natural gas, and gasoline; migrant and weapons smuggling; kidnapping for ransom; and video and music piracy. Combining vivid interview commentary with in-depth analysis of organized crime as a transnational and corporate phenomenon, Los Zetas Inc. proposes a new theoretical framework for understanding the emerging face, new structure, and economic implications of organized crime in Mexico. Correa-Cabrera delineates the Zetas establishment, structure, and forms of operation, along with the reactions to this new model of criminality by the state and other lawbreaking, foreign, and corporate actors. Since the Zetas share some characteristics with legal transnational businesses that operate in the energy and private security industries, she also compares this criminal corporation with ExxonMobil, Halliburton, and Blackwater (renamed “Academi\" and now a Constellis company). Asserting that the elevated level of violence between the Zetas and the Mexican state resembles a civil war, Correa-Cabrera identifies the beneficiaries of this war, including arms-producing companies, the international banking system, the US border economy, the US border security/military-industrial complex, and corporate capital, especially international oil and gas companies.

Rising concerns about the spread of cross-border criminal networks and transnational terrorism have transformed the international security arena into a more diverse, fragmented, diffused, less visible and hardly predictable one. Thus, (in)security is more mobile and remote than some decades ago. The establishment of an integrated European security area requires efforts to develop common standards and joint practices in terms of harmonisation of legal systems, advanced integration of security measures and tools, coherence of procedures and shared operational methods of law enforcement. The article discusses the main integration trends, challenges and options of internal security reforms in the European Union (EU) from legal, technological and operational advancement perspectives. It is argued that some harmonisation of criminal law as sharing and pooling of sovereignty has been achieved on the supranational level. The approach of supra-territoriality development is proposed in terms of shared security space management, where enhanced functional needs towards discursive coherence by copulative regulations and technological measures can be innovated to overcome some obstacles in the EU’s security integration and achieve further operational success.

In this illuminating history that spans past campaigns against piracy and slavery to contemporary campaigns against drug trafficking and transnational terrorism, Peter Andreas and Ethan Nadelmann explain how and why prohibitions and policing practices increasingly extend across borders. The internationalization of crime control is too often described as simply a natural and predictable response to the growth of transnational crime in an age of globalization. The internationalization of policing, they demonstrate, primarily reflects ambitious efforts by generations of western powers to export their own definitions of \"crime,\" not just for political and economic gain but also in an attempt to promote their own morals to other parts of the world. A thought-provoking analysis of the historical expansion and recent dramatic acceleration of international crime control, Policing the Globe provides a much-needed bridge between criminal justice and international relations on a topic of crucial public importance.

The Black Sea is a vital strategic crossroads between Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East. Comprising at least ten countries, with diverse religious, cultural, political and economic backgrounds, the region was shaped historically by centuries of conflict between the Ottoman and Russian empires, and in the 20th century by the rise and dramatic collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent post-Cold War emergence of newly independent states. The region faces emerging security challenges of major international strategic interest, not least because 80% of all Russian gas destined for Europe transits through the Black Sea states. The nexus for unresolved territorial conflicts which have led to the establishment of intractable guerrilla regimes, the region is also a hotbed of illicit trafficking in counterfeit goods, drugs, weapons and radioactive material from discarded former Soviet facilities. This book expands on the proceedings and subsequent contributions resulting from a NATO workshop held at Oxford University. The workshop on Black Sea security cooperation brought together key government and private sector stakeholders in the region. The first part of the book covers the security challenges to the Black Sea region. The second part looks at the prospects for shaping a new security architecture in the region, highlighting various regional law enforcement and counter-trafficking cooperation initiatives and proposing a range of technical security cooperation solutions to the ongoing challenges. The final part of the book offers perspectives on the South Ossetia conflict.

As crime increasingly crosses national boundaries, and international co-operation takes firmer shape, so the development of ideas and policy on the control of crime has become an increasingly international and transnational affair. These developments call attention not just to the many points of convergence in the languages and practices of crime control but also to their persistent differences. This book is concerned both with the very specific issue of 'policy transfer' within the crime control arena, and with the issues raised by a more broadly conceptualized idea of comparative policy analysis. The contributions in the book examine the different ways in which ostensibly similar vocabularies, policies and practices are taken up and applied in the distinct settings they encounter.

Članak nastoji praktičarima ponuditi odgovor na pitanje kako naložiti provođenje izvida u inozemstvu i kako postupiti kod zaprimanja zahtjeva u provedbi izvida izdanih od stranih država u okviru međunarodne policijske ili pravosudne suradnje. Autori uvodno definiraju pojam izvida kao neformalnih radnji koje se poduzimaju u predistražnoj fazi postupka kako s aspekta pozitivnih propisa Europske unije (dalje: EU) i sudske prakse Republike Hrvatske tako i s aspekta zakonskihrješenja i prakse drugih država članica EU-a. Nadalje, autori se bave i pitanjem dokazne snage izvida, razlikama u pravnim sustavima država članica EU-a u vezi s odlučivanjem o zakonitosti dokaza koji će se koristiti na raspravi i na kojima će se temeljiti presuda, kao i uvjetima pod kojima se dokaz pribavljen u inozemstvu smatra zakonitim dokazom u domaćem kaznenom postupku. Članak nudi odgovor na uvodna pitanja s obzirom na važeće instrumente pravosudne i policijske suradnje,s posebnim naglaskom na obavijesnim razgovorima s građanima koji se nalaze u inozemstvu, budući da navedena izvidna radnja predstavlja poseban izazov za praktičare. Zaključno, u članku se upozorava na postojanje pravnih praznina čije prevladavanje zahtijeva ili veću harmonizaciju kaznenog procesnog prava na razini EU-a ili izradu novog „instrumenta“ pravosudne, odnosno policijske suradnje. This article attempts to offer practitioners an answer to the question of how to order the conduct of inquiries abroad and how to proceed when receiving requests for the implementation of investigations issued by foreign countries within the framework of international police cooperation or judicial cooperation. In order to answer the questions raised, the authors initially define the term inquiry as informal actions undertaken in the pre-investigation phase of the procedure both from the perspective of positive regulations of the European Union (hereinafter: EU) and the judicial practice of the Republic of Croatia, as well as from the perspective of legal solutions and practices of other Member States of the EU. In addition to the legal definition of the term inquiry, the authors also deal with the issue of the probative value of the inquiry, the differences in the legal systems of the EU Member States regarding the decision on the legality of the evidence that will be used in the trial and on which the judgment will be based, as well as the conditions under which the evidence was obtained and considered abroad as legal evidence in domestic criminal proceedings. Starting from the established differences in the legal systems of the EU Member States, the authors offer answers to the introductory questions starting from the valid instruments of judicial and police cooperation. In this light, the authors analyse the possibilities offered by international police cooperation, with special emphasis on intelligence interviews with citizens who are abroad, given that the said investigative action represents a special challenge for practitioners. In conclusion, the aim of the article is to point out the existence of legal gaps, the overcoming of which requires either a greaterharmonisation of criminal procedural law at the EU level or the creation of a new “instrument”of judicial and police cooperation in order to ensure the effective implementation of informalactions and the acquisition of all relevant information in the crucial, pre-investigation phase ofproceedings in transnational crime cases.

Since the end of the Cold War, transnational non-state forces have been a major source of global instability, with many ominous and disruptive flows of people, goods, and services moving readily across international boundaries. And because these activities are so multifaceted and so intertwined within the fabric of society, they remain largely invisible until the intrusion is well-advanced and difficult to reverse. Thus, the threat posed by transnational organized crime ultimately undermines the total security of countries—including the economic, cultural, and political dimensions—and now presents an international security challenge of staggering proportions. Surprisingly, no single book so far has fully addressed the scale of this threat to global stability from an international security perspective. In an attempt to rectify that failure, Dark Logic examines in depth when and how transnational organized crime is likely to use corruption and violence to achieve its ends, and when and how these criminal activities most affect individual and state security. Even more important, it pinpoints when and how the negative consequences of these tactics and activities can be most successfully combated. In so doing it provides a unique lens for analyzing today's global security dilemmas. Given that the threat associated with transnational organized crime can endanger all citizens—from policy makers and security analysts to students, scholars, and the \"man and woman on the street\"—this book is written in an intelligible and jargon-free style to make it accessible to anyone interested in the ever-growing catalog of threats to national and international security.

The post-Cold War world has seen the emergence of new kinds of security threats. Whilst traditionally security threats were perceived of in terms of military threats against a state, non-traditional security threats are those that pose a threat to various internal competencies of the state and its identity both home and abroad. The European Union and the United States have identified Latin American cocaine trafficking as a security threat, but their policy responses to it have differed. This book examines the ways in which the EU and the US have conceptualized this threat. Furthermore, it explores the impact of cocaine trafficking on four state functions - economic, political, public order and diplomatic - in order to explain why it has become 'securitized'. Appealing to a variety of university courses, this book is especially relevant to security studies and European and US policy analysis, as well as criminology and sociology.