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"Triplets"
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Three wishes : a novel
Lyn, Cat, and Gemma Kettle, beautiful thirty-three-year-old triplets, seem to attract attention everywhere they go. Whenever they're together, laughter, drama, and mayhem seem to follow. But apart, each is very much her own woman, dealing with her own share of ups and downs.
Book
Perinatal outcomes and growth discordance of triplet pregnancies based on chorionicity: a retrospective cohort study
Background
The worldwide occurrence of triplet pregnancy is estimated to be 0.093%, with a natural incidence of approximately 1 in 8000. This study aims to analyze the neonatal health status and birth weight discordance (BWD) of triplets based on chorionicity from birth until discharge.
Methods
This was a retrospective study. We reviewed a total of 136 triplet pregnancies at our tertiary hospital between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2021. Maternal and neonatal outcomes, inter-triplet BWD, neonatal morbidity, and mortality were analyzed.
Results
Among all cases, the rates of intrauterine death, neonatal death, and perinatal death were 10.29, 13.07, and 24.26%, respectively. Thirty-seven of the cases resulted in fetal loss, including 13 with fetal anomalies. The maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of the 99 triplet pregnancies without fetal loss were compared across different chorionicities, including a dichorionic (DC) group (41 cases), trichorionic (TC) group (37 cases), and monochorionic (MC) group (21 cases). Neonatal hypoproteinemia (
P
< 0.001), hyperbilirubinemia (
P
< 0.019), and anemia (
P
< 0.003) exhibited significant differences according to chorionicity, as did the distribution of BWD (
P
< 0.001). More than half of the cases in the DC and TC groups had a BWD < 15%, while those in the MC group had a BWD < 50% (47.6%). TC pregnancy decreased the risk of neonatal anemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.084) and need for blood transfusion therapy after birth (AOR = 0.119). In contrast, a BWD > 25% increased the risk of neonatal anemia (AOR = 10.135) and need for blood transfusion after birth (AOR = 7.127). TC pregnancy, MCDA or MCTA, and BWD > 25% increased neonatal hypoproteinemia, with AORs of 4.629, 5.123, and 5.343, respectively.
Conclusions
The BWD differed significantly according to chorionicity. Additionally, TC pregnancies reduced the risk of neonatal anemia and need for blood transfusion, but increased the risk of neonatal hypoproteinemia. In contrast, the BWD between the largest and smallest triplets increased the risk of neonatal anemia and the need for blood transfusion. TC pregnancy, MCDA or MCTA, and BWD > 25% increased the risks of neonatal hypoproteinemia. However, due to the limited number of triplet pregnancies, further exploration of the underlying mechanism is warranted.
Journal Article
Revenge of the teacher's pets
The Brewster triplets, Dawn, Darby, and Delaney, are looking forward to a smooth transition to seventh grade, but from the beginning things go wrong: they are split into separate classes, they end up on the cheer squad (which only Delaney likes), Darby is failing, and Dawn keeps getting into trouble--and somehow they must solve all these problems, help plan their older sister's wedding, and stay together despite the changes that come with growing up.
Book
Cerebral sensitivity to Source vs. Filter changes in voice stimulation
Subjects (n=12) were scanned on a 3T TIM Trio scanner (Siemens) while listening to the 80 triplets of syllables presented via electrostatic headphones (NordincNeuroLab) in a pseudo-random order with a 4-sec SOA, and performing an incidental target detection task (pure tones triplet, 5% occurrence).
Journal Article
A kingdom rises
Just when Tarlan is about to give up on the prophecy that he is one of the triplets destined to bring peace to the land, he meets his long-lost brother Gulph and sister Elodie, as well as their supporters, and they travel together to make a final stand against Lord Vicerin in an attempt to end the Thousand Year War and unite the realms.
Book
Triplet-triplet annihilation in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes: current state and future outlook
Studies of delayed electroluminescence in highly efficient fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) of many dissimilar architectures indicate that the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) significantly increases yield of excited singlet states-emitting molecules in this type of device thereby contributes substantially to their efficiency. Towards the end of the 2000s, the essential role of TTA in realizing highly efficient fluorescent devices was widely recognized. Analysis of a diverse set of fluorescent OLEDs shows that high efficiencies are often cor-related to TTA extents. It is therefore likely that it is the long-term empirical optimization of OLED efficiencies that has resulted in fortuitous emergence of TTA as a large and ubiquitous contributor to efficiency. TTA contributions as high as 20-30% are common in the state-of-the-art OLEDs, and even become dominant in special cases, where TTA is shown to substantially exceed the spin-statistical limit. The fundamental features of OLED efficiency enhancement via TTA-molecular structure-dependent contributions, current density-dependent intensities in practical devices and frequently observed antagonistic relationships between TTA extent and OLED lifetime-came to be understood over the course of the next few years. More recently, however, there was much less reported progress with respect to all-important quantitative details of the TTA mechanism. It should be emphasized that, to this day and despite the decades of work on improving blue phosphorescent OLEDs as well as the recent advent of thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs, the majority of practical blue OLEDs still rely on TTA. Considering such practical importance of fluorescent blue OLEDs, the design of blue OLED-compatible materials capable of substantially exceeding the spin-statistical limit in TTA, elimination of the antagonistic relationship between TTA-related efficiency gains and lifetime losses, and designing devices with an extended range of current densities producing near-maximum TTA electroluminescence are the areas where future improvements would be most beneficial.
Journal Article
Triplet–triplet energy transfer in artificial and natural photosynthetic antennas
In photosynthetic organisms, protection against photooxidative stress due to singlet oxygen is provided by carotenoid molecules, which quench chlorophyll triplet species before they can sensitize singlet oxygen formation. In anoxygenic photosynthetic organisms, in which exposure to oxygen is low, chlorophyll-to-carotenoid triplet–triplet energy transfer (T-TET) is slow, in the tens of nanoseconds range, whereas it is ultrafast in the oxygen-rich chloroplasts of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms. To better understand the structural features and resulting electronic coupling that leads to T-TET dynamics adapted to ambient oxygen activity, we have carried out experimental and theoretical studies of two isomeric carotenoporphyrin molecular dyads having different conformations and therefore different interchromophore electronic interactions. This pair of dyads reproduces the characteristics of fast and slow T-TET, including a resonance Raman-based spectroscopic marker of strong electronic coupling and fast T-TET that has been observed in photosynthesis. As identified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the spectroscopic marker associated with fast T-TET is due primarily to a geometrical perturbation of the carotenoid backbone in the triplet state induced by the interchromophore interaction. This is also the case for the natural systems, as demonstrated by the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations of light-harvesting proteins from oxygenic (LHCII) and anoxygenic organisms (LH2). Both DFT and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses further indicate that, upon T-TET, the triplet wave function is localized on the carotenoid in both dyads.
Journal Article
Obtaining triplet from quaternions
In this study, we obtain triplets from quaternions. First, we obtain triplets from real quaternions. Then, as an application of this, we obtain dual triplets from the dual quaternions. Quaternions, in many areas, it allows ease in calculations and geometric representation. Quaternions are four dimensions. The triplets are in three dimensions. When we express quaternions with triplets, our study is conducted even easier. Quaternions are very important in the display of rotational movements. Dual quaternions are important in the expression of screw movements. Reducing movements from four dimensions to three dimensions makes our study easier. This simplicity is achieved by obtaining triplets from quaternions.
Journal Article
Semiconductor nanocrystals‐based triplet‐triplet annihilation photon‐upconversion: Mechanism, materials and applications
Triplet‐triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA‐UC) has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing solar energy harvesting efficiency by converting two low‐energy, long‐wavelength photons into a high‐energy, short‐wavelength photon. In recent years, semiconductor nanocrystals have gained significant attention as efficient photosensitizers for TTA‐UC due to their excellent triplet energy transfer efficiency and the ability to tune their bandgap across the solar spectrum. This review focuses on the mechanism of NC‐based TTA‐UC, emphasizing key parameters to evaluate the performance of TTA‐UC systems. The influence of various material‐related factors on the overall NC‐based TTA‐UC performance is thoroughly discussed. Moreover, recent advances in solid‐state approaches for NC‐based TTA‐UC are highlighted, along with an overview of the current status of applications in this field. Lastly, this review identifies the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the future development of NC‐based TTA‐UC, providing insights into the potential advancements and directions for further research. “Semiconductor nanocrystals‐based triplet‐triplet annihilation photon‐upconversion”
Journal Article
Electronic State Engineering in Perovskite‐Cerium‐Composite Nanocrystals toward Enhanced Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Wavelength conversion based on hybrid inorganic–organic sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is promising for applications such as photovoltaics, light‐emitting‐diodes, photocatalysis, additive manufacturing, and bioimaging. The efficiency of TTA‐UC depends on the population of triplet excitons involved in triplet energy transfer (TET), the driving force in TET, and the coupling strength between the donor and acceptor. Consequently, achieving highly efficient TTA‐UC necessitates the precise control of the electronic states of inorganic donors. However, conventional covalently bonded nanocrystals (NCs) face significant challenges in this regard. Herein, a novel strategy to exert control over electronic states is proposed, thereby enhancing TET and TTA‐UC by incorporating ionic‐bonded CsPbBr3 and lanthanide Ce3+ ions into composite NCs. These composite‐NCs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield, extended single‐exciton lifetime, quantum confinement, and uplifted energy levels. This engineering strategy of electronic states engendered a comprehensive impact, augmenting the population of triplet excitons participating in the TET process, enhancing coupling strength and the driving force, ultimately leading to an unconventional, dopant concentration‐dependent nonlinear enhancement of UC efficiency. This work not only advances fundamental understanding of hybrid TTA‐UC but also opens a door for the creation of other ionic‐bonded composite NCs with tunable functionalities, promising innovations for next‐generation optoelectronic applications. It is discovered that electronic state engineering of perovskite nanocrystals leads to size focusing with greatly increased fluorescent quantum yield. This strategy can control triplet population, energy‐level alignment, and exciton lifetime, which significantly enhanced triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) efficiency (≈284%). This work clarifies the functions of electronic state engineering for inorganic sensitizers and TTA‐UC. It will promote the fundamental research of electronic state engineering in energy transfer systems and facilitate the practical applications of TTA‐UC systems.
Journal Article