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"Universal Coverage - history"
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US health policy and health care delivery : doctors, reformers, and entrepreneurs
\"The unique composition and configuration of doctors and hospitals in the U.S. is leading to a crisis in primary care provision. There are significantly more specialists than generalists and many community hospitals and outpatient facilities are concentrated in affluent areas with high rates of comprehensive insurance coverage. These particular features present difficult challenges to policymakers seeking to increase access to care. Carl F. Ameringer shows why the road to universal healthcare is not built on universal finance alone. Policymakers in other countries successfully align finance with delivery to achieve better access, lower costs, and improved population health. This book explains how the U.S. healthcare system developed, and why efforts to expand insurance coverage in the absence of significant changes to delivery could make things worse\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Brazilian health system: history, advances, and challenges
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with widespread regional and social inequalities. In this report, we examine the historical development and components of the Brazilian health system, focusing on the reform process during the past 40 years, including the creation of the Unified Health System. A defining characteristic of the contemporary health sector reform in Brazil is that it was driven by civil society rather than by governments, political parties, or international organisations. The advent of the Unified Health System increased access to health care for a substantial proportion of the Brazilian population, at a time when the system was becoming increasingly privatised. Much is still to be done if universal health care is to be achieved. Over the past 20 years, there have been other advances, including investments in human resources, science and technology, and primary care, and a substantial decentralisation process, widespread social participation, and growing public awareness of a right to health care. If the Brazilian health system is to overcome the challenges with which it is presently faced, strengthened political support is needed so that financing can be restructured and the roles of both the public and private sector can be redefined.
Journal Article
Overcoming social segregation in health care in Latin America
Latin America continues to segregate different social groups into separate health-system segments, including two separate public sector blocks: a well resourced social security for salaried workers and their families and a Ministry of Health serving poor and vulnerable people with low standards of quality and needing a frequently impoverishing payment at point of service. This segregation shows Latin America's longstanding economic and social inequality, cemented by an economic framework that predicted that economic growth would lead to rapid formalisation of the economy. Today, the institutional setup that organises the social segregation in health care is perceived, despite improved life expectancy and other advances, as a barrier to fulfilling the right to health, embodied in the legislation of many Latin American countries. This Series paper outlines four phases in the history of Latin American countries that explain the roots of segmentation in health care and describe three paths taken by countries seeking to overcome it: unification of the funds used to finance both social security and Ministry of Health services (one public payer); free choice of provider or insurer; and expansion of services to poor people and the non-salaried population by making explicit the health-care benefits to which all citizens are entitled.
Journal Article
The Future of Japan's Health System — Sustaining Good Health with Equity at Low Cost
Japan has long achieved good health at low cost, with increasing equity for its population. Now, however, the Japanese health system faces serious fiscal pressure due to a sluggish economy and the rapid aging and low birth rate of its population.
Four years ago, Japan celebrated 50 years of achievement of good health at low cost and increasing equity for its population.
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In 1961, at the beginning of a period of rapid economic development, while the country was still relatively poor (with a gross domestic product [GDP] half the size of Britain's), Japan reached full health insurance coverage of its population. In the next half-century, it continued to develop its health system and improve equity, even applying this principle of universal health coverage in its global health diplomacy.
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Now, however, Japan faces serious fiscal pressure due to a sluggish economy and . . .
Journal Article
Universal Mandatory Health Insurance In The Netherlands: A Model For The United States?
Policy analysts consider the Netherlands health system a possible model for the United States. Since 2006 all Dutch citizens have to buy standardized individual health insurance coverage from a private insurer. Consumers have an annual choice among insurers, and insurers can selectively contract or integrate with health care providers. Subsidies make health insurance affordable for everyone. A Risk Equalization Fund compensates insurers for enrollees with predictably high medical expenses. The reform is a work in progress. So far the emphasis has been on the health insurance market. The challenge is now to successfully reform the market for the provision of health care. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
How history shaped the health system in Russia
The Russian health system retains the main characteristics of the Semashko model of medical care, as it was delivered in the Soviet Union.1,2 This model grants all citizens the right to free medical care, and its proclamation in 1918 marked the first example of universal coverage in the world. An extensive network of public medical facilities was created to ensure this right to medical care, but in actual fact, access to medical care was not equal for all citizens. Employees of priority industries, residents of large cities, and officials were treated in medical institutions with the best equipment and staff.
Journal Article
Public health in Russia: a sad state of affairs
The sad state of affairs in the Russian public health system has nothing to do with President Vladimir Putin, which, of course, is too bad. After all, wouldn't it be wonderful if he could be blamed for that as well?
Journal Article
Political roots of the struggle for health justice in Latin America
In 1952 Chile passed one of the world's most comprehensive health-care laws, comparable in scope, unification, and name to the UK's National Health Service (NHS) launched 4 years earlier. Yet just 21 years later, this landmark achievement was brusquely upended.
Journal Article
Past as Prologue — Presidential Politics and Health Policy
The history of presidential politics and health policy reveals a pattern: Democrats propose insurance expansion, Republicans oppose it, and stalemate results. Democrats pursue more modest objectives and try again, often adopting Republican ideas to seek political consensus.
All presidential campaigns are unique, and the current one, as George Orwell might have said, seems more unique than most. When it comes to health care, however, there is continuity between the 2016 presidential contest and past elections, reflecting deep underlying political forces and historical experiences with health care politics and policy.
In fact, continuity in the health care positions of the current candidates is as notable as any changes from previous contests. Since Harry Truman first advocated universal national health insurance during his 1948 campaign, Democratic presidential contestants have generally endorsed expanding coverage for the uninsured through governmental financing . . .
Journal Article
Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance in the United States — Origins and Implications
The author reviews the history of employer-sponsored health insurance in the United States and outlines how it became the cornerstone of the nation's health care system. He discusses the implications of employer-based insurance for access to and the affordability and quality of health care.
The author outlines how employer-sponsored health insurance became the cornerstone of the nation's health care system. He discusses the implications of employer-based insurance for access to health care and its affordability and quality.
Varied as they may be, most U.S. readers of the
Journal
probably share at least one thing: employer-sponsored health insurance is vital to their well-being. For their part, most physicians, regardless of their field of medicine or where they practice, depend heavily on employer-sponsored insurance for their paychecks. Since increasing numbers of physicians today are employees of health care organizations, many acquire their own and their family's health insurance in their workplace.
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In this regard, they have much in common with their patients. More than 159 million Americans — 62.4 percent of the nonelderly population — had health care coverage . . .
Journal Article