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The Illimitable Freedom of the Human Mind
Already renowned as a statesman, Thomas Jefferson in his retirement from government turned his attention to the founding of an institution of higher learning. Never merely a patron, the former president oversaw every aspect of the creation of what would become the University of Virginia. Along with the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, he regarded it as one of the three greatest achievements in his life. Nonetheless, historians often treat this period as an epilogue to Jefferson's career. In The Illimitable Freedom of the Human Mind, Andrew O'Shaughnessy offers a twin biography of Jefferson in retirement and of the University of Virginia in its earliest years. He reveals how Jefferson's vision anticipated the modern university and profoundly influenced the development of American higher education. The University of Virginia was the most visible apex of what was a much broader educational vision that distinguishes Jefferson as one of the earliest advocates of a public education system. Just as Jefferson's proclamation that \"all men are created equal\" was tainted by the ongoing institution of slavery, however, so was his university. O'Shaughnessy addresses this tragic conflict in Jefferson's conception of the university and society, showing how Jefferson's loftier aspirations for the university were not fully realized. Nevertheless, his remarkable vision in founding the university remains vital to any consideration of the role of education in the success of the democratic experiment.
eBook
Thomas Jefferson's education
\"From the Pulitzer Prize- winning historian, a brilliant, absorbing study of Jefferson and his campaign to save Virginia through education. By turns entertaining and tragic, this beautifully crafted history reveals the origins of a great university in the dilemmas of Virginia slavery. Thomas Jefferson shares center stage with his family and fellow planters, all dependent on the labor of enslaved black families. With a declining Virginia yielding to commercially vibrant northern states, Jefferson in 1819 proposed to build a university to educate and improve the sons of the planter elite. They, he hoped, might one day lead a revitalized Virginia free of slavery-- and free of the former slaves. Jefferson's campaign to build the university was a contest for the future of a state and the larger nation. Although he prevails, Jefferson's vision of reform through education is hobbled by the actions of genteel students whose defiant sense of honor derived from owning slaves. It is the women of this hypermasculine society-- particularly Jefferson's granddaughters--who redeem the best elements of his legacy\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Rot, Riot, and Rebellion
Thomas Jefferson had a radical dream for higher education. Designed to become the first modern public university, the University of Virginia was envisioned as a liberal campus with no religious affiliation, with elective courses and student self-government. Nearly two centuries after the university's creation, its success now seems preordained-its founder, after all, was a great American genius. Yet what many don't know is that Jefferson's university almost failed.
InRot, Riot, and Rebellion,award-winning journalists Rex Bowman and Carlos Santos offer a dramatic re-creation of the university's early struggles. Political enemies, powerful religious leaders, and fundamentalist Christians fought Jefferson and worked to thwart his dream. Rich students, many from southern plantations, held a sense of honor and entitlement that compelled them to resist even minor rules and regulations. They fought professors, townsfolk, and each other with guns, knives, and fists. In response, professors armed themselves-often with good reason: one was horsewhipped, others were attacked in their classrooms, and one was twice the target of a bomb. The university was often broke, and Jefferson's enemies, crouched and ready to pounce, looked constantly for reasons to close its doors.
Yet from its tumultuous, early days, Jefferson's university-a cauldron of unrest and educational daring-blossomed into the first real American university. Here, Bowman and Santos bring us into the life of the University of Virginia at its founding to reveal how this once shaky institution grew into a novel, American-style university on which myriad other U.S. universities were modeled.
eBook
The anti-discriminatory tradition in Virginia school public choice theory
This paper investigates the historical relationship between the emergence of public choice theory in the 1960s and the problem of racial discrimination. Drawing upon archival research, I argue that foundational public choice scholars brought together four distinct strains of anti-discriminatory theory to grapple with the challenges posed by segregationist public policy instruments during the Civil Rights era. They include (1) the treatment of racial discrimination as regulatory capture, which is typified in the work of Frank Knight and W. H. Hutt; (2) the treatment of discrimination as an efficiency problem, building upon the closely related Chicago school insights of Gary Becker and Milton Friedman; (3) the treatment of discrimination as a constitutional problem, as seen in extensions of the framework of James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock; and (4) historical analysis of discriminatory institutions, also as seen in the work of Tullock. Together, the four components provided the basis of a comprehensive economic critique of discrimination that has since been neglected in the literature on the history of economic thought, and that offers far-reaching insights into the academic literature on race and the continued problem of discriminatory institutions.
Journal Article
Modeling the interactive effects of spruce beetle infestation and climate on subalpine vegetation
In the subalpine zone of the Rocky Mountains, climate change is predicted to result in an increase in the frequency and severity of spruce beetle outbreaks. Climate change itself may affect vegetation, potentially leading to changes in species composition. The direct and indirect effects of climate and disturbances on forest composition, biomass, and dynamics open the possibility for non‐linear ecosystem responses. Modeling studies allow for the study of the interaction of these effects and their impact on the forest system. University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced (UVAFME), an individual‐based gap model that simulates forest dynamics and characteristics, is updated with a spruce beetle subroutine that calculates the probability for beetle infestation and potential mortality of each tree on a plot. The updated model is then run with multiple scenarios that combine beetle infestation with current or altered climate at sites across the southern Rocky Mountains. Results show that spruce beetle infestations acted to facilitate competition with invading lower‐elevation species, resulting in an increase in the biomass of historically lower‐elevation species and a further decline in Engelmann spruce biomass than occurred with solely bark beetle disturbance or solely climate change. We also found an initial enhancing effect between spruce beetle infestation and climate change; however, by the end of 100 yr of climate change and potential beetle infestation, climate had a dampening effect on spruce beetle infestation, through loss of host trees. These results are an important step in understanding the possible futures for vegetation of the Rocky Mountains as well as for spruce forests across the western United States and Canada.
Journal Article
The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series, Volume 16
This volume’s 571 documents cover both Jefferson’s opposition to restrictions on slavery in Missouri and his concession that “the boisterous sea of liberty is never without a wave.\" Seeking support for the University of Virginia, he fears that southerners who receive New England educations will return with northern values. Calling it “the Hobby of my old age,\" Jefferson envisions an institution dedicated to “the illimitable freedom of the human mind.\" He infers approvingly from revolutionary movements in Europe and South America that “the disease of liberty is catching.\" Constantine S. Rafinesque addresses three public letters to Jefferson presenting archaeological research on Kentucky’s Alligewi Indians, and Jefferson circulates a Nottoway-language vocabulary. Early in 1821 he cites declining health and advanced age as he turns over the management of his Monticello and Poplar Forest plantations to his grandson Thomas Jefferson Randolph. In discussions with trusted correspondents, Jefferson admires Jesus’s morality while doubting his miracles, discusses the materiality of the soul, and shares his thoughts on Unitarianism. Reflecting on the dwindling number of their old friends, he tells Maria Cosway that he is like “a solitary trunk in a desolate field, from which all it’s former companions have disappeared.\"
eBook
Evolution of out-of-hospital emergency cardiac care: Heart attack therapy for a retired president helped modernize American emergency medical services
In the late 1960s, American emergency medical services (EMS) began to upgrade from mere Red Cross first aid to systems that now provide sophisticated advanced life support. This revolution in EMS stemmed from two pioneering Belfast reports in The Lancet that described how early out-of-hospital coronary care saved lives. Inspired, a handful of American physicians implemented avant-garde programs in the USA. One such physician, Richard Crampton of the University of Virginia, supported by the university and by Charlottesville-Albemarle Rescue Squad staffs, led an early effort to provide out-of-hospital drug treatment and defibrillation via a mobile coronary care unit (MCCU) ambulance. Half a dozen high-profile local cases, including successful treatment of retired President Lyndon B. Johnson, demonstrated MCCU efficacy to the Virginia and American public via local and national press coverage. The economic feasibility of the MCCU system was established. With two Virginia colleagues, Crampton successfully lobbied for a bill to permit trained nonphysicians to render out-of-hospital cardiac care with no on-site physician. This MCCU-augmented EMS system reduced coronary deaths in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. It also stimulated nationwide progress in care by EMS systems that yielded countless lives saved in the succeeding half-century.
Journal Article
Negotiating Identity: A Look at the Educational Experiences of Black Undergraduates in STEM Disciplines
The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the mathematics educational experiences of Black undergraduate students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines at the University of Virginia. Using Murrell's (2009) situated-mediated identity theory as the theoretical framework, this study examines factors that influence the construction of mathematics identities of these students. Findings indicate that race significantly influenced the educational experiences of these students and, consequently, the construction of their identities as mathematics learners and doers.
Journal Article
Engaging Students in Advising and General Education Requirements
The focus of this essay is to examine how general education requirements and advising are connected in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Virginia. To do this, we begin with a brief description and history of general education requirements. We move next to a description of the advising system and general education requirements of the College of Arts and Sciences and the current requirements and advising system and conclude with an overview of where the College is headed within the next three to five years.
Journal Article