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"Violin -- Performance"
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Before the Chinrest
2012
Drawing on the principles of Francesco Geminiani and four decades of experience as a baroque and classical violinist, Stanley Ritchie offers a valuable resource for anyone wishing to learn about 17th-18th-and early 19th-century violin technique and style. While much of the work focuses on the technical aspects of playing the pre-chinrest violin, these approaches are also applicable to the viola, and in many ways to the modern violin. Before the Chinrest includes illustrated sections on right- and left-hand technique, aspects of interpretation during the Baroque, Classical, and early-Romantic eras, and a section on developing proper intonation.
The Living Art of Violin Playing
2023
Blending creative insights with wisdom of the masters,
professional violinist Maureen Taranto-Pyatt shares practical
guidance in her new methodology, Progressive Form.
With The Living Art of Violin Playing , violinists will
learn to appreciate the physics and geometry of movement to
facilitate a nuanced flow of compression and release in the
playing. A gradual building of technique begins from sitting or
standing, moves through the torso into the left arm first, sets up
an effective bow arm, and then combines the two in a holistic
context. Imagery invigorates each of the technical moments,
instilling new patterns that are now memorable and integrating each
component into larger forms.
Featuring nearly 400 photos and music examples to illustrate
technical elements through balance and gesture, Progressive Form
can be used as a step-by-step retooling of technique or as a
reference for targeted issues. A comprehensive exploration of
method in service of musical expression, The Living Art of
Violin Playing offers the aspiring and serious violinist a
path toward a more liberated musical world.
The Early Violin and Viola
2001
This practical guide is intended for all violinists and viola players who wish to give - or to understand and appreciate - historically aware performances of early music for their instruments. It comprises discussion of the literature, history and repertory of the violin and viola, the myriad relevant primary sources and their interpretation, and the various aspects of style and technique that combine to make up well-grounded, period performances. It also considers various related family instruments, contains practical advice on the acquisition of appropriate instruments, and offers suggestions for further reading and investigation. Many of the principles outlined are put into practice in case studies of six works composed c.1700–c.1900, the core period which forms this series' principal (though not exclusive) focus. Music by Corelli, Bach, Haydn, Beethoven, Mendelssohn and Brahms is examined with a view to recreating performances as faithful as possible to the composer's original intention.
“Beautiful Tone, Beautiful Heart?” Shinichi Suzuki's Pedagogy of Sound and Self
2024
Among performers and pedagogues of string instruments, “tone” is a term summoned often and valued deeply, yet seldom defined. While many traditional teaching approaches regard a young musician's tone as something that develops naturally with guidance, Japanese violinist Shinichi Suzuki (1898–1998) established a teaching method that challenged these traditional understandings. Insisting that neither tone nor talent were an “accident of birth,” Suzuki contended that every child can become musically fluent through an immersive approach that mirrors language acquisition. Focusing on string-playing communities in the U.S., this article examines the tensions surrounding Suzuki's philosophy—encapsulated by his oft-quoted aphorism, “beautiful tone, beautiful heart.” I argue that although Suzuki's approach disrupted certain hegemonic beliefs about tone, it has afforded the reification of others. Drawing upon archival footage and historical discourses, the first part of the article contextualizes Suzuki's pedagogical and philosophical interventions. The latter sections turn to outcomes that have fallen short of the method's promise. In particular, I consider a disturbing episode in the Suzuki community, in which celebrated Suzuki violinist William Preucil, Jr. was found guilty of sexual misconduct against multiple women in 2018, leading many to question the method's fundamental claims about the relationship between tone and character. Together, the article's sections emphasize tone's function as a floating signifier that relies on definitional looseness to obscure and perpetuate systems of power, within and beyond Suzuki communities. Despite Suzuki's many pedagogical successes, the method's disparate outcomes across lines of race and class offer a poignant reminder that even the wisest and most skillful teaching cannot fully counteract hegemonic forces that enable material advantages to masquerade as personal merit.
Journal Article
In Search of the “Phonograph Effect”: Sonic Gestures in Violin Performance and Their Modification by Early Recording and Playback Devices (1901–1933)
2024
To what extent did early recording technology affect the creation and representation of musical performances? According to Mark Katz (from 1999 onwards), historical studio environments led to crucial shifts in 20th century violin performances due to the restrictions imposed by early recording and reproduction devices (“phonograph effects”). In particular, this may have affected sonic gestures that include expressive means such as vibrato, portamento, articulation, and timbre variation. In order to trace potential modifications, we reenacted a 1911 “Liebesleid” performance by one of the most influential violinists of the 20th century, Fritz Kreisler. We then digitally ascertained the full acoustic transfer paths (impulse responses, IRs) from the 1911 studio to 20 historical gramophone setups and applied them to the reenactment. In this way, for the first time, our study generated comparative IR findings across multiple gramophones, soundboxes, and horns built by different manufacturers between 1901 and 1933. Sonic gestures were found to induce significant level modifications of up to 20 dB due to the devices’ resonances, leading to dynamical variations that have never been part of the performance. Accordingly, Kreisler's famous “golden tone” is due, in part, to the recording technologies of his time. Therefore, early recordings should not be understood as “neutral witnesses” but rather as artifacts with substantial influence on the creation and reproduction of musical performance(s).
Journal Article
Research on the artistic aesthetic value of violin performance under the integration of information technology
2024
This study utilizes the ERP model of aesthetic cognition to reveal the neural basis of aesthetic experience, pointing out the complex cognitive processes including emotional escalation. Advanced techniques are used to pre-process violin sound signals and multiple algorithms are applied to extract critical features for accurate emotion recognition. The developed DBM-LSTM model combines the advantages of multi-layer stacked RBM and LSTM, which substantially improves emotion recognition accuracy with a success rate of more than 0.85. Finally, through a questionnaire survey, it is found that the public’s aesthetic preference of violin performance is significantly correlated with emotion perception, indicating that the more the performance conforms to the public’s aesthetics, the more it can stimulate positive emotions. This study not only provides theoretical and practical guidance on the combination of violin performance art and information technology, but also opens up a new way for the emotional communication of artistic performances and enhancing public aesthetic experience.
Journal Article
The averaged inter-brain coherence between the audience and a violinist predicts the popularity of violin performance
2020
Why is some music well-received whereas other music is not? Previous research has indicated the close temporal dependencies of neural activity among performers and among audiences. However, it is unknown whether similar neural contingencies exist between performers and audiences. Here, we used dual near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess whether inter-brain synchronization between violinist and audience underlies the popularity of violin performance. In the experiment, individual audience members (16 females) watched pre-recorded videos, each lasting 100 s or so, in which a violinist performed 12 musical pieces. The results showed that the popularity of the performance correlated with the left-temporal inter-brain coherence (IBC) between the audience and the violinist. The correlation was stronger at late watching (>50 s) than at early watching (≤50 s). The smaller the Granger causality from the audience to the violinist was, the higher was the popularity of the piece with the audience. Discriminant analysis showed that the IBC could distinguish high popularity from low popularity. Further analysis using support vector regression showed that the IBC could also predict the popularity. These findings reveal the association of IBC with the popularity of violin performance. Music appreciation involves the brains of music producers and perceivers in a temporally aligned network through which audiences perceive the intentions of the performer and show positive emotions related to the musical performance.
•Music popularity is explored in terms of interpersonal brain synchronization.•Dual-NIRS approach is used to record brain activity of the violinist and audience.•The averaged IBC between audiences and the violinist correlates with popularity.•IBC not only discriminates high and low popularity, but also predicts popularity.•Music appreciation involves brains in a temporally aligned network.
Journal Article
Chinese Reform and Practice of Violin Playing Teaching in Music Colleges based on the Analysis of Big Data under the Background of \Internet +\
2021
The violin is produced in Europe and is recognized by the world as one of the most important Western musical instruments. It enjoys the reputation of \"Queen of Musical Instruments\". Since it was introduced to China, it has deeply influenced the music and cultural life of our people and accelerated the development of the violin. At present, many colleges and universities offer violin teaching courses, and the number of students majoring in violin is increasing. Based on this, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current reform trend and current situation of violin-playing teaching in colleges and universities in China through the analysis of big data, and proposes a new reform idea.
Journal Article