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This article explores the performance of agency within the context of unequal power resources and structural constraint. Based on 23 video-recorded placement meetings in three homeless shelters, we find that participants’ agency is the outcome of both collaboration and resistance. To avoid interaction that fails to empower, social actors engage in “repair work” and face-saving practices. When clients display “wrong face”—that is, bring problems to the table that are not considered “reasonable”—then the service providers engage in “repair work.” Participants turn conflict into collaborative agency because interactions that fail to deliver mutually empowering forms of agency have costs for both: clients’ problems are not solved, and service providers fail to reach organizational goals.

Using data collected from focus groups and nonparticipant observations, this article explores howand why cross-talk by way of smartphone affects face-to-face encounters. The findings show there are three types of digital cross-talk: exclusive, semi-exclusive, and collaborative. Furthermore, it was found that digital cross-talk can either facilitate or disrupt the expressive order of an encounter. Semi-exclusive and collaborative digital cross-talk were found to facilitate encounters. Exclusive digital cross-talk was found to disrupt or have little influence on encounters, depending on whether or not interlocutors successfully engaged in a corrective process, an avoidance process, or aggressive face-work.

This paper focuses on the first work face under a thick loose layer of sediment and thin bedrock in the No. 8 Mining District of the Baodian Coal Mine in the Yanzhou mining area of China. Due to mining, the hydrogeological conditions in the aquifers at the bottom of the thick, loose sediment layers have been greatly changed in the shallow areas in this area. The main problem is a low-pressure, water-rich aquifer. However, this problem could be remedied by modifying the coal pillars to prevent sand flow instead of water seepage. To do so, measurements of the first work face were obtained from drilling data, and the stress distribution and plastic zone were determined by examining the mining of the upper part of the no. 3 coal seam using FLAC 3D numerical analysis software. The simulated results were also compared with the empirically calculated results. Comprehensive analysis indicates that modifying the coal pillars from preventing water seepage or inrush to preventing sand flow appears feasible, and provides an important reference for increasing mining areas and recovery of coal resources.

In this article, I outline the cognitive process involved in accomplishing monotheistic theodicy, or the act of reconciling the belief in an omnipotent and morally perfect God with personal experiences of suffering. Based on in-depth interviews with intimate partner violence victims, I argue that believers accomplish monotheistic theodicy by performing imaginary face-work—or protective face-work on the behalf of significant imagined others—that saves God's face as a morally perfect being. Believers perform this imaginary face-work by constructing accounts that portray God as morally innocent of their suffering. These accounts fall into three main types: (1) fidelity to a higher principle, (2) ultimate benefit, and (3) shifting blame. These accounts serve as new cognitions that resolve the cognitive dissonance and concomitant negative emotions believers experience because of their suffering. Overall, the findings and analysis contribute to sociological theory by further extending the concepts of face and face-work to imagined others.

This article analyzes interaction from an intentional, self-reflexive democratic meeting of ordinary citizens—a “General Assembly” from the 2011 Occupy Movement—to explore two competing theories of democracy: Habermas's democratic deliberation and Mouffe's agonistic pluralism. The group's rational ideals and procedures for democratic deliberation approximate those of Habermas's “ideal speech situation,” but appear limited in their capacity to ensure Habermasian understanding or consensus. Intertwined with these rational procedures are practices best explained in terms of what Goffman called “face-work”—the ways in which participants maintain a working consensus of mutual acceptance and respect in conversation. These face-work procedures—rather than sincere, rational intentions—help constitute the civility necessary for rational deliberation and participation. Such symbolic valuing of self and other provide interactional grounds for the liberty and equality of agonistic democratic conversation as conceived by Mouffe.

The mechanization level of coal mine in China has been developed toward automation and intelligence, which puts forward new requirements for the support mode of the advanced section of the two roadways. Given the problems of high labor intensity of passive advanced support, the 1203 working face of Xima Coal Mine is taken as the research object, and the idea of advanced active support of backfilling stopes is proposed. The supporting force of the surrounding rock and the required reinforcement support strength are obtained through theoretical calculation. The \"full-roadway roof anchor cable reinforcement support\" technology is proposed, and its strength is verified. The mineral pressure distribution law of the backfilling stope was revealed through numerical simulation. Finally, field verification is carried out through on-site industrial tests. The test results show that the relative proximity of the roof and floor of the roadway and the maximum relative approach of the two sidewalls are 105.56 mm and 47 mm, respectively. It can be seen that advanced active support can meet the support quality requirements of advanced support pressure area, improve the working environment of workers, and increase the efficiency of mine mechanization.HighlightsCalculated the surrounding rock support forceThe stress pattern of the backfill stopes was studiedActive over-support solution appliedField measurements to determine the feasibility of the programReduced worker labor and increased mechanization

The overlying strata of the stope can be divided into low ( immediate roof ), medium and high strata according to the degree of influence of the mine pressure behavior of the working face. Among them, the pressure step distance of low rock strata can be judged according to the roof pressure appearance of hydraulic support, and the middle and high rock strata can not be accurately and intuitively determined only by theoretical calculation. Therefore, IMU is used to monitor the motion state and fracture distance of different layers, so as to study the relationship between them and periodic weighting. Firstly, the accuracy of monitoring effect and the error of monitoring data are determined by indoor test. Then, taking the 52507 working face of Daliuta as the engineering background, 3DEC software is used to assist the verification. The research shows that the IMU monitoring data meets the requirements of error and accuracy, and can accurately monitor the rock movement ; the movement period of rock strata at different heights is different. As the height of rock strata increases, the displacement distance of rock strata gradually increases, and the median rock strata play a key role in the movement of overlying rock strata. The periodic pressure monitored is twice the actual periodic pressure.

Gob-side entry driving near an advancing working face can improve the recovery rate of coal resources and keep the balance between mining and development. However, the large displacement of the gob-side entry caused by the mining dynamics of abutment pressure challenges the safety and processes of coal mining. This article takes the 15102 tailentry of Xizhang Coal Mine in Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, as an example to study the stability of the coal pillar and the failure characteristics of the surrounding rock and proposes cooperative control strategies of surrounding rock stability. Field tests indicated that when the coal pillar width was 15 m, the displacements of the entry floor, roof, coal pillar side, and solid coal side were 1121 mm, 601 mm, 783 mm, and 237 mm, respectively. A meticulously validated numerical model, incorporating a double-yield model for the gob materials and calibrated parameters, was developed to investigate the stress changes and yield zone distribution across the coal pillar with different sizes. The results of the simulation indicate that the influence range of the dynamic abutment pressure caused by mining in the upper section of gob-side entry driving is 30 m ahead and 70 m behind. When the coal pillar width increases from 7 m to 20 m, the internal stress of the coal pillar increases continuously, while the internal stress of the solid coal decreases continuously. It is estimated that the reasonable coal pillar width should be 7 m, which is subjected to a lower load. The cooperative control strategies comprising a narrow coal pillar, hydraulic fracturing roof cutting for pressure relief, and entry dynamic support were proposed and applied in the 15103 tailentry. The final displacements of the floor, roof, coal pillar side, and solid coal side were 66.01%, 62.06%, 61.05%, and 63.30% lower than that of the 15102 tailentry in the same period, respectively, which effectively controlled the stability of surrounding rock. In addition, this finding for the gob-side entry driving near an advancing working face in this study can potentially be applied to other similar projects.

Everyday life is full of little physical signs of discomfort and discomposure. Usually, they are attributed to mere bodily reactions which the portrayer does not control. However, that is not an abstract fact, but a definition of the situation that is a social achievement. This achievement is consequential: it allows for a form of everyday communication from which intention is drained, but judgment is not. Little dramas of discomposure are thus important elements of face-work that can be analyzed as such: They allow for a negotiation of identity through reaction to ascriptions made by others, but reactions that remain on the back stage and thus avoid negotiations of rank and hierarchy that would usually accompany communications of judgment.

Aiming at the reasonable width of the narrow coal pillar of a fully mechanized caving face and the safety support of roadway, taking the coal pillar in the section between 110503 and 110505 face of the Yushuling Coal mine as the research background, a model of the hard basic roof fracture structure of fully mechanized caving face is established through theoretical analysis, and the roadway with narrow coal pillar is analyzed mechanically. Combined with the geological conditions of the working face, it is concluded that the low‐stress area is less than 3.29 m. When the internal stress field of the low‐stress environment is considered in the roadway layout, the influence of mining and the essential roof hardness should be considered. The reasonable size of the narrow coal pillar is 3 ~ 6 m, thinking that the load borne by the coal pillar is less than the ultimate strength of the coal pillar. The limit equilibrium theory calculates that the reasonable width of a coal pillar is at least 4 m. The stress and displacement of coal pillars with different widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6 m are analyzed by numerical simulation, and the 4 m narrow coal pillars are simulated and verified. Field industrial tests show that coal pillar and roadway surrounding rock deformation are small under asymmetric surrounding rock control. The research results have been successfully applied to engineering practice and can provide a reference for the research method of narrow coal pillar width under a hard basic roof. Layout of 110503 and 110505 working places