Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
491,974
result(s) for
"applied physics"
Sort by:
Wonders beyond numbers : a brief history of all things mathematical
Running in something approaching chronological order, this book shows that every breakthrough in math represents a single step forward, resting on the work of others, and brings to life the importance of numbers, shapes, and patterns in the world around us.
Book
Nanoporous adsorbents for hydrogen storage
Hydrogen storage in absorbents as activated carbons has been rarely investigated; however, about 25 years ago, the development of new nanomaterials, initiated by Iijima’s discovery of carbon microtubules, started new hopes. Unfortunately, initial results on high hydrogen uptake in carbon nanotubes at ambient conditions could not be independently reproduced; however, at cryogenic conditions, these novel nanomaterials just behaved as activated carbons with an uptake proportional to the surface area. Shortly after, the development of coordination polymers with permanent porosity opened a new route to nanoporous materials with ultra-high internal surfaces. Mainly metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been attracting a great deal of attention in recent years, as very high gravimetric hydrogen capacities can be achieved at 77 K. Cryogenic storage by physisorption of hydrogen molecules will safely operate at low pressures, is fully reversible, and possesses fast kinetics. This mini-review shows the rapid development in this field over the past 25 years. Exemplarily, the main focus is on results obtained in the hydrogen storage laboratory in Stuttgart and their connection to Applied Physics A.
Journal Article
Strongly correlated photons on a chip
Optical nonlinearities at the single-photon level are key ingredients for future photonic quantum technologies
1
. Prime candidates for the realization of the strong photon–photon interactions necessary for implementing quantum information processing tasks
2
, as well as for studying strongly correlated photons
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
in an integrated photonic device setting, are quantum dots embedded in photonic-crystal nanocavities. Here, we report strong quantum correlations between photons on picosecond timescales. We observe (i) photon antibunching upon resonant excitation of the lowest-energy polariton state, proving that the first cavity photon blocks the subsequent injection events, and (ii) photon bunching when the laser field is in two-photon resonance with the polariton eigenstates of the second Jaynes–Cummings manifold
7
,
8
, demonstrating that two photons at this colour are more likely to be injected into the cavity jointly than they would otherwise. Together, these results demonstrate unprecedented strong single-photon nonlinearities, paving the way for the realization of a quantum optical Josephson interferometer
9
or a single-photon transistor
10
.
Researchers observe a continuous change in photon correlations from strong antibunching to bunching by tuning either the probe laser or the cavity mode frequency. These results, which demonstrate unprecedented strong single-photon nonlinearities in quantum dot cavity system, are explained by the photon blockade and tunnelling in the anharmonic Jaynes–Cummings model.
Journal Article
Lithium polymer electrolytes for novel batteries application: the review perspective
Beyond liquid electrolytes, the development of other electrolyte systems is needed to cover all needs for novel batteries suited for detailed usage. Lithium polymer electrolytes for next-generation batteries cover a broad range of emerging energy applications, including their further investigation of solid polymer ionic conductors. Possibility of transferring Li
+
cations through the unique polymer structure forces modifications of a solid polymer electrolyte. The host matrix is immobile, while long-range cation transport must involve dissociative steps where solvated cations are transferred between neighboring coordination sites, in combination with migration and diffusion of ion aggregates weakly coordinated to the polymer solvent. Most of the current models can be successfully applied to amorphous monophase systems. There are many concepts leading to the increase in flexibility, conductivity performance, and extended storage time for several months, which might be useful for even very demanding battery applications. This review provides readers with a comprehensive background for understanding current knowledge and opportunities for lithium polymer electrolytes.
Journal Article
Laser ablation research and development: 60 years strong
Slightly more than 60 years have passed since the introduction of the laser. The unique property of high peak power in short pulses has led to applications in which light energy replaces mechanical energy for removing mass, structuring surfaces, creating new materials, weapons, remote analysis, fusion, surgery, and many other esoteric applications that fall under the process called laser ablation. This manuscript addresses several accomplishments in laser ablation research and development, including fundamental behavior, some unique applications with emphasis on chemical analysis, and a current interest to measure isotope ratios in laser induced plasmas at atmospheric pressure.
Journal Article
Recent progress in bifacial perovskite solar cells
Bifacial perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have accentuated a great deal of attention to achieve a higher power output per unit area by utilizing albedo compared to conventional monofacial solar cells with a very low additional manufacturing cost. However, the design of the bifacial PSCs is very much challenging due to high rear side carrier recombination, ion migration, and electrode corrosion as well as electrical loss in transparent rear contact. In this paper, we have reviewed bifacial PSCs to explore and analyze their latest advancement. The bifacial device’s performance varies with respect to the albedo from where the diffuse light gets reflected to the rear side which has also been discussed thoroughly. For the best performance of bifacial solar cells, the back contact electrode, transport layer, and perovskite layer of the device need to be transparent, for which various ways to make components semi-transparent have been discussed and explored. The transparent charge carrier layer helps in reducing the parasitic recombination, which directly affects the bifacial photoconversion efficiency. This extensive review of bifacial PSCs is presented here which will guide perovskite research for feasible commercial realization.
Journal Article
Simulation and characterization of CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite solar cells with different Cu-based hole transporting layers
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extremely attractive due to having low processing cost, easy solution processing, and excellent light-harvesting characteristics along with their recent rapid development. PCSs are made of different layers that affect the performance of the devices. Hole transporting layers (HTLs) are one of the layers that have a significant effect on conducting the carriers and enhancing the efficiency of PSCs. In the present study, the results of computational simulation using the SCAPS-1D software for devices made of the MASnI
3
perovskite light absorber and different inorganic Cu-based HTLs, such as CuSCN, Cu
2
O, CuO, CuI, SrCu
2
O
2
, and CuSbS
2
, are presented, in comparison with the standard contain Spiro-OMeTAD-based device. The modification effects of the perovskite absorber layer thickness, total defect density (
N
t
), the band gap of the absorber, the thickness of HTLs, and the operational temperature on the characteristic photovoltaic parameters were analyzed. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was obtained to be 32.13%, with a fill factor (FF) of 87.08%, open-circuit voltage (
V
OC
) of 1.07 V, and short-circuit current density (
J
SC
) of 34.35 mA cm
−2
, for CuI as an efficient HTL in comparison with the other HTLs. We believe that the current theoretical results provided profound insights into the development of new high-performance, low-cost, and lead-free PSCs with Cu-based HTLs.
Journal Article
Photocatalytic activity of MoS2 nanoparticles: an experimental and DFT analysis
Transition metal dichalcogenide MoS
2
nanoparticles have been synthesized by an inexpensive slow evaporation method. The X-ray diffractogram (XRD) showed that the grown particles are in crystalline nature with mixed phase. The calculated average particle size of the prepared nanoparticles is 56 nm. The Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Raman studies confirm the particles are bulk MoS
2
in nature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images confirm the porosity and the presence of Mo and S elements. Photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanoparticles is tested against methylene blue (MB), and malachite green (MG) dyes and the efficiencies are found to be 93.68% and 85.33%, respectively. The degradation rate constant of MoS
2
nanoparticles against MB and MG dyes are 0.0199, 0.01389 min
−1
, respectively, under visible light for 75 min irradiation. A density functional theory calculation has been performed to validate the photocatalytic experimental results based on bandgap, band edge potentials, and effective mass. The DFT results are related to the experimental values, and the discussions are presented.
Journal Article
Only gold can pull this off: mechanical exfoliations of transition metal dichalcogenides beyond scotch tape
Following in graphene’s wake, the scotch tape method became the key enabler for the preparation of 2D materials, providing easy access to high-quality materials mainly limited by low yield. At this time, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) received tremendous attention as a promising class of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. The motivation to reach the 2D limit of TMDCs and many other layered materials has long been set, and with the rise of gold-mediated exfoliations towards the millimeter scale, the stacking of these 2D single-layer building blocks into artificial 3D lattices is more relevant than ever. On this note, this review presents the recent developments in gold-mediated exfoliations beyond scotch tape, accompanied by a methods walkthrough for such a process. These matured gold exfoliations unlock a whole palette of 2D building blocks, ready for the assembly of macroscopic van der Waals heterostructures, or twistronics. Ultimately, mechanical exfoliation as a key enabler for high-quality single layers, evolved from scotch tape to gold, and became an even more potent tool in the process.
Journal Article
Unconventional computing based on magnetic tunnel junction
The conventional computing method based on the von Neumann architecture is limited by a series of problems such as high energy consumption, finite data exchange bandwidth between processors and storage media, etc., and it is difficult to achieve higher computing efficiency. A more efficient unconventional computing architecture is urgently needed to overcome these problems. Neuromorphic computing and stochastic computing have been considered to be two competitive candidates for unconventional computing, due to their extraordinary potential for energy-efficient and high-performance computing. Although conventional electronic devices can mimic the topology of the human brain, these require high power consumption and large area. Spintronic devices represented by magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) exhibit remarkable high-energy efficiency, non-volatility, and similarity to biological nervous systems, making them one of the promising candidates for unconventional computing. In this work, we review the fundamentals of MTJs as well as the development of MTJ-based neurons, synapses, and probabilistic-bit. In the section on neuromorphic computing, we review a variety of neural networks composed of MTJ-based neurons and synapses, including multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and spiking neural networks, which are the closest to the biological neural system. In the section on stochastic computing, we review the applications of MTJ-based p-bits, including Boltzmann machines, Ising machines, and Bayesian networks. Furthermore, the challenges to developing these novel technologies are briefly discussed at the end of each section.
Journal Article