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Background: Tooth whitening usually includes the direct use of gels containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide on the tooth enamel surface through a wide variety of products formulas. A generally new advancement in whitening of teeth uses the significant importance of the tooth color shift from yellow to blue in delivering a general enhancement in the observation of tooth whiteness. The aim of the current work was to measure the tooth whitening effects, surface roughness and enamel morphology of six different types of blue covarine-containing and blue covarine-free toothpastes using in vitro models. Methods: A total of 70 sound extracted human premolars were randomly and equally divided into seven groups, and each subjected to tooth brushing using different toothpastes. Tooth color and enamel surface roughness were measured before and after the brushing procedure using a white light interferometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess tooth surface after the procedure. Results: Toothpaste containing blue covarine resulted in the greatest improvement in tooth color amongst all groups as well as a statistically significant color difference when compared to blue covarine-free toothpaste.  Furthermore, blue covarine-containing toothpaste resulted in fewer morphological changes to the enamel surface. This was confirmed with SEM images that showed smooth enamel surfaces with fine scratches.   Conclusions: The results from the present study show that blue covarine containing toothpastes are reliable, effective in tooth whitening and produce less surface abrasion when compared to blue covarine-free toothpastes.

Background: There is high demand for white and healthy teeth. Therefore, various whitening toothpastes are commercially available. Hydroxyapatite and blue covarine are two ingredients used in whitening toothpaste formulations. Objectives: This in vitro study analyzed the stain-removing efficacy of two commercial whitening toothpastes: one containing hydroxyapatite and the other containing blue covarine. Methods: The stain-removing efficacy of both toothpastes was analyzed for different brushing times (30 and 180 s) using a staining model on human enamel. Photographic documentation and colorimetric measurements were performed after staining and after each brushing series. Colorimetric measurements were used to determine the stain removal efficacy in percentage. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Tukey test and Levene’s test to assess the homogeneity of variances. The significance level α was set at 0.05. Results: The hydroxyapatite toothpaste demonstrated a significantly higher stain-removing efficacy compared to the blue covarine toothpaste after 30 s of brushing. The stain-removing efficacy was comparable between the two toothpastes after 180 s of brushing. Conclusions: Both hydroxyapatite and blue covarine toothpastes effectively cleaned stained enamel, with hydroxyapatite toothpaste showing a significantly higher stain-removing efficacy after 30 s of brushing.

Background/Objectives: Whiter teeth are widely accepted as the most beautiful. With the growing demand for whiter teeth, several manufacturers have launched different brands of whitening toothpaste claiming to be effective in removing tooth stains and whitening teeth. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the whitening effect of eight over-the-counter available toothpastes by measuring the changes in color using a digital colorimeter in a simulated staining–brushing cycle model. Methods: A total of 32 extracted bovine enamel were polished with 1000–2000 grit SIC paper and immersed in a tea staining solution for 30 min at 37 °C to create extrinsic staining. The specimens were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 4) and subjected to a staining–brushing cycle for 2 weeks. During this period, the specimens were stained for 5 min twice, brushed for 2 min twice per day, and immersed in artificial saliva for the remaining time. The colors of the enamel surfaces L*, a*, and b* were recorded, and the color difference (ΔE) was measured before the treatment and after 1 and 2 weeks of the staining–brushing cycle. Results: The repeated measures showed a significant reduction of (ΔE) after 1 week of the staining–brushing cycle in all eight experimental groups (p < 0.05). The (ΔE) was significantly reduced after the second week of the staining–brushing cycle in groups 1, 3, and 5 (p < 0.05). However, it was insignificant in groups 2, 6, 7, and 8 (p > 0.05). Among the tested materials, group 1 showed the highest and group 8 showed the lowest teeth-whitening effects. Conclusions: The over-the-counter toothpaste used in this study showed effective teeth-whitening. Charcoal-based toothpaste showed the highest efficiency in teeth whitening.

The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p<0.05). Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p>0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p<0.05). All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste. El deseo de los individuos de tener unos dientes más blancos aumenta el interés por los productos de blanqueamiento dental. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el efecto blanqueador de las pastas dentales blanqueadoras que contienen peróxido de hidrógeno, covarina azul y carbón activo en dientes humanos in vitro. En el estudio se utilizaron un total de 40 dientes incisivos humanos extraídos. Para medir el efecto blanqueador de los dentífricos, los dientes se dividieron en cuatro subgrupos y se colocaron en el modelo de diente fantasma en mandíbula. A continuación, se realizó un cepillado diario con un cepillo eléctrico. El color de los dientes se midió inicialmente con un espectrofotómetro (modo de punto único y tono blanqueado) y al final de los días 7, 14 y 28. Se estudió la eficacia blanqueadora de los dentífricos según la fórmula CIEDE2000 (∆E00) y las unidades de guía de color (SGU). En el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey. (p<0.05). La pasta de dientes con carbón activado mostró el mayor efecto blanqueador al final de los días 7, 14 y 28 (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los efectos blanqueadores del peróxido de hidrógeno y el dentífrico convencional (p>0,05). El dentífrico que contiene covarina azul tuvo estadísticamente el menor efecto blanqueador (p<0,05). Todos los dentífricos mostraron un efecto blanqueador en los dientes después de 7 días de uso. Los dentífricos con carbón activado mostraron un mayor efecto blanqueador tras 28 días de uso que el peróxido de hidrógeno, la covarina azul y el dentífrico tradicional.

Objective: The desire of individuals to have whiter teeth increases the interest in tooth whitening products. Our aim was to in vitro study the whitening effect of hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and active charcoal containing whitening toothpastes on human teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human incisor teeth were used in the study. To measure the whitening effect of toothpastes, the teeth were divided into four subgroups and placed in the phantom tooth jaw model. Then, daily brushing was done with an electric toothbrush. The colors of the teeth were measured initially using the spectrophotometer (single point and bleached shade mode) and at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days. Whitening effectiveness of toothpastes were studied according to CIEDE2000 formula (∆E00) and shade guide units (SGU). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used in the statistical analysis of the data. (p<0.05). Results: Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed the greatest whitening effect at the end of 7th, 14th and 28th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the whitening effects of hydrogen peroxide and conventional toothpaste (p>0.05). Blue covarine containing toothpaste had statistically the lowest whitening effect (p<0.05). Conclusions: All toothpastes showed a whitening effect on the teeth after 7 days of use. Activated charcoal containing toothpaste showed more whitening effect after 28 days of use than hydrogen peroxide, blue covarine and traditional toothpaste. Objetivo: El deseo de los individuos de tener unos dientes más blancos aumenta el interés por los productos de blanqueamiento dental. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar el efecto blanqueador de las pastas dentales blanqueadoras que contienen peróxido de hidrógeno, covarina azul y carbón activo en dientes humanos in vitro. Materiales y métodos: En el estudio se utilizaron un total de 40 dientes incisivos humanos extraídos. Para medir el efecto blanqueador de los dentífricos, los dientes se dividieron en cuatro subgrupos y se colocaron en el modelo de diente fantasma en mandíbula. A continuación, se realizó un cepillado diario con un cepillo eléctrico. El color de los dientes se midió inicialmente con un espectrofotómetro (modo de punto único y tono blanqueado) y al final de los días 7, 14 y 28. Se estudió la eficacia blanqueadora de los dentífricos según la fórmula CIEDE2000 (∆E00) y las unidades de guía de color (SGU). En el análisis estadístico de los datos se utilizó el análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y la prueba de Tukey. (p<0.05). Resultados: La pasta de dientes con carbón activado mostró el mayor efecto blanqueador al final de los días 7, 14 y 28 (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los efectos blanqueadores del peróxido de hidrógeno y el dentífrico convencional (p>0,05). El dentífrico que contiene covarina azul tuvo estadísticamente el menor efecto blanqueador (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Todos los dentífricos mostraron un efecto blanqueador en los dientes después de 7 días de uso. Los dentífricos con carbón activado mostraron un mayor efecto blanqueador tras 28 días de uso que el peróxido de hidrógeno, la covarina azul y el dentífrico tradicional.