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Based on several years' worth of exclusive interviews and unprecedented access to all three bands' personal archives, 'England's Hidden Reverse' is the first, definitive, biography of Nurse With Wound, Coil and Current 93.

The planar coil stellarator design is a novel approach to producing the confining magnetic field of a stellarator plasma. The work presented here details the optimization of the two types of planar coils that are used in the planar coil design: the plasma encircling coils, and the shaping coils. The plasma encircling coils provide the mean magnetic field and linking current, similar to the toroidal field (TF) coils in a tokamak. The plasma encircling coils can be rotationally symmetric TF-like coils and produce a B∝1/R field, but optimizing their placement, tilt, and shaping can substantially reduce the magnetic field error. In addition, an array of dipole-like shaping coils, that lie on a surface between the plasma boundary and the encircling coils, correct for the residual magnetic field error following encircling coil optimization. As a proof-of-concept, it is shown that by optimizing both types of coils, subject to realistic engineering constraints, reasonable magnetic field errors of ∼1% have been achieved. Comparison to a traditional modular coil set reveals that similarly low magnetic field errors can be attained with the planar coil stellarator.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor affecting adults and remains incurable. The mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coi l-helix domain-containing protein 2 (CHCHD2) has been demonstrated to mediate mitochondrial respiration, nuclear gene expression and cell migration; however, evidence of this in GBM is lacking. In the present study, it was hypothesized that CHCHD2 may play a functional role in U87 GBM cells expressing the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII). The amplification of the CHCHD2 gene was found to be associated with a decreased patient overall and progression-free survival. The CHCHD2 mRNA levels were increased in high-vs. low-grade glioma, IDH-wt GBMs, and in tumor vs. non-tumor tissue. Additionally, CHCHD2 protein expression was greatest in invasive, EGFRvIII-expressing patient-derived samples. The CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CHCHD2 in EGFRvIII-expressing U87 cells resulted in an altered mitochondrial respiration and glutathione status, in decreased cell growth and invasion under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and in an enhanced sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. CHCHD2 was distributed in both the mitochondria and nuclei of U87 and U87vIII cells, and the U87vIII cells exhibited a greater nuclear expression of CHCHD2 compared to isogenic U87 cells. Incubation under hypoxic conditions, serum starvation and the reductive unfolding of CHCHD2 induced the nuclear accumulation of CHCHD2 in both cell lines. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicate that CHCHD2 mediates a variety of GBM characteristics, and highlights mitonuclear retrograde signaling as a pathway of interest in GBM cell biology.

• Powdery mildew, a fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), has a serious impact on wheat production. Loss of resistance in cultivars prompts a continuing search for new sources of resistance. • Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, WEW), the progenitor of both modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, harbors many powdery mildew resistance genes. We report here the positional cloning and functional characterization of Pm41, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from WEW, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat protein (CNL). Mutagenesis and stable genetic transformation confirmed the function of Pm41 against Bgt infection in wheat. • We demonstrated that Pm41 was present at a very low frequency (1.81%) only in southern WEW populations. It was absent in other WEW populations, domesticated emmer, durum, and common wheat, suggesting that the ancestral Pm41 was restricted to its place of origin and was not incorporated into domesticated wheat. • Our findings emphasize the importance of conservation and exploitation of the primary WEW gene pool, as a valuable resource for discovery of resistance genes for improvement of modern wheat cultivars.

All 19 ITER toroidal field coil structures (TFCSs) were successfully fabricated by the Japan Domestic Agency with solving technical challenges. This study presents the results of the welding-deformation control process, which is a remarkable challenge in an efficient fabrication of the TFCSs.

In order to optimize the structure of high temperature superconducting coils for linear motor applications, three separate coils with different shapes made of Re-BCO coated conductor were studied: circular shaped single pancake, circular shaped double-pancake and racetrack shaped single-pancake. The thrust and vertical forces of the three coils above a conventional flat linear three-phases winding were investigated experimentally. With the aid of the experimentally obtained values, it was found that single-pancake coil in the shape of a racetrack was the best selection for a flat single-sided linear motor system. Studies were also made on the frequency characteristics of the vertical force of the racetrack shaped single-pancake coil.

Background Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are battery‐operated devices used to manage irregular heart rhythms and deliver therapeutic shocks to the heart. This updated systematic review and meta‐analysis compares the efficacy and extraction‐related outcomes of single‐coil versus dual‐coil ICDs in view of conflicting data. Methods Several databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were comprehensively explored dating from inception to April 1, 2024. Data were compared using odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and mean differences (MD). A value of p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results Ultimately, 28 studies were included in this quantitative synthesis. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) indicated statistical superiority in the dual‐coil cohort (MD: 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07–1.09; p = 0.03). In addition, all‐cause mortality was significantly elevated in the dual‐coil cohort (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87–0.97; p = 0.001). Furthermore, implant time was significantly lower in the single‐coil group (MD: −7.44; 95% CI: −13.44 to −1.43; p = 0.02). Other outcomes, including first shock efficacy, cardiac mortality, post‐extraction major complications, post‐extraction procedural success, and post‐extraction mortality, did not demonstrate any significant statistical differences. Conclusion In conclusion, despite the desirable safety profile of single‐coil ICDs, the use of dual‐coil ICDs continues to hold merit due to their superior efficacy and advanced sensing capabilities, especially in complex cases. In addition, the perceived risk of a greater adverse profile in dual‐coil lead extraction can be refuted by preliminary aggregate results generated within this meta‐analysis. However, further robust studies are warranted before arriving at a valid conclusion. A comprehensive meta‐analysis of 28 studies identified the superiority of dual‐coil devices in terms of defibrillation threshold. In contrast, the single‐coil devices exhibited a decreased rate of mortality, in addition to a lower implant time. In conclusion, despite the desirable safety profile of single‐coil ICDs, the use of dual‐coil ICDs continues to hold merit due to their superior efficacy and advanced sensing capabilities, especially in complex cases. Further robust studies are warranted before arriving at a valid conclusion.

• Plants possess hundreds of intracellular immune receptors encoding nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. Full-length NLRs or a specific domain of NLRs often induce plant cell death in the absence of pathogen infection. • In this study we used genome-wide transient expression analysis to identify a group of NLRs (ANLs; ancient and autonomous NLRs) carrying autoactive coiled-coil (CCA) domains in pepper (Capsicum annuum). CCA-mediated cell death mimics hypersensitive cell death triggered by the interaction between NLRs and pathogen effectors. • Sequence alignment and mutagenesis analyses revealed that the intact α1 helix of CCAs is critical for both CCA- and ANL-mediated cell death. Cell death induced by CCAs does not require NRG1/ADR1 or NRC type helper NLRs, suggesting ANLs may function as singleton NLRs. We also found that CCAs localize to the plasma membrane, as demonstrated for Arabidopsis singleton NLR ZAR1. Extended studies revealed that autoactive CCAs are well conserved in other Solanaceae plants as well as in rice, a monocot plant. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed that ANLs are present in all tested seed plants (spermatophytes). • Our study not only uncovers the autonomous NLR clade in plants but also provides powerful resources for dissecting the underlying molecular mechanism of NLR-mediated cell death in plants.

In this article, we survey a complete MRI systematic pipeline from theoretical modelling and numerical simulations to analysis and optimization of three different types of MRI coils. After a preliminary parametric exploration using generic models based on standard equations, a Method of Moments (MoM) study of geometrically representative coil structures was conducted to explore the nearer field effects. Then, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) analysis was performed to realize the optimized-designed devices to be fabricated using MEMS process and confirmed its performance by using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and an anechoic chamber measurement. Performance comparisons based on parameters like resonance frequency, gain and radiated power were performed. Then for the Roger’s 6010TM RT/Duroid substrate material (ε=10.5) thickness 1.6 mm, the rectangular resonance frequency and return loss for the MRI coil are 8.06 GHz and 52.73 dB respectively. The gain on this coil is 36.45 dBm and the radiated powers were 59.25 dBi and 53.56 dBi. In comparison, using similar substrate material, it obtained a return loss of 52.73 dB and a gain of 45.89 dBm, while the circular MRI coil works at the same resonance frequency and could be found in the literature. Using Teflon-PTFE substrate with dielectric constant of 2.1, the resultant triangular MRI coil is fabricated which shows resonance frequency of 8 GHz return loss of 45.81 dB and gains of 49.35 dBm. This study’s performance metrics are closure with regularization results, and the closure is the validation of the enhanced performance of the proposed resonators for medical imaging applications. The designs were also extrapolated to bio-phantom models for further exploration. These RF coils could improve MRI diagnostic technologies as confirmed by the electromagnetic simulation results.