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\"This new framework for developing a dynamic social skills program using the sensory system is a way to explore why kids react that way they do socially. With this framework in mind, professionals can build on children's self-awareness and social acumen\"--Page 4 of cover.

Background. Special features of communicative development in children with Down Syndrome are reported to correlate with intellectual disability, while their mothers’ communication with them is considered to be a reaction to difficulties in building rapport with the child. The cultural-historical approach to human psychological and mental development (Vygotsky, 1982) supports research into the contribution of maternal behavior to the development of communication in children with Down Syndrome. Objective. To analyze the relationship between the development of responsive and initiative communicative actions in children with Down Syndrome and features of maternal communicative behavior. Design. The subjects were 15 pairs of mothers and their children diagnosed with “trisomy 21, Down Syndrome, full (or complete) type of trisomy” and 18 pairs of mothers and their typically developing children. The children in the experimental group are from 18 to 36 months old, the age of mothers is from 24 to 41 years. e children in the control group are from 18 to 36 months old; the mothers’ age is from 20 to 44 years. The research included collection of video data and expert video recording analysis. Communication was recorded of mothers and their children without a toy, and then with a toy. Videos were made three times, every 1.5 or 2 weeks, and each session lasted 20 minutes; two videos were analyzed, excluding the first one. The analysis was performed by three experts — researchers at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Institute of Special Education of the Russian Academy of Education” — calculating the frequency of the children’s responsive and initiative communicative actions. A qualitative analysis of the mothers’ communicative behavior was conducted: Repeated patterns of the mothers’ communicative behavior in both groups were identified, and the number of mothers with these communicative actions was calculated. Results. Mothers’ actions that correlated with the development of responsive and initiative communicative actions in typically developing children were identified, including: the adult caregiver addresses her child directly and personally; she pays attention to the child’s actions and supports them; she plays with the child as with an equal. The communicative behavior of mothers of children with Down Syndrome did not differ from that of the mothers of typically developing children in terms of the behavioral characteristics listed above. Thedevelopment of responsive and initiative communicative actions in children with Down Syndrome correlates with a greater number of characteristics of maternal communicative behavior, such as: continuing the communication despite approximate, uncertain, or contradictory signals from the child; creating vivid and positive emotional support for interactions; and keeping in mind the child’s language and motor limitations. Conclusion. Our research suggests that for the development of communication in children with Down Syndrome, maternal communicative actions that correlate with the development of communication in typically developing children are not sufficient.

PurposeConversational agents (chatbots, avatars and robots) are increasingly substituting human employees in service encounters. Their presence offers many potential benefits, but customers are reluctant to engage with them. A possible explanation is that conversational agents do not make optimal use of communicative behaviors that enhance relational outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to identify which human-like communicative behaviors used by conversational agents have positive effects on relational outcomes and which additional behaviors could be investigated in future research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a systematic review of 61 articles that investigated the effects of communicative behaviors used by conversational agents on relational outcomes. A taxonomy is created of all behaviors investigated in these studies, and a research agenda is constructed on the basis of an analysis of their effects and a comparison with the literature on human-to-human service encounters.FindingsThe communicative behaviors can be classified along two dimensions: modality (verbal, nonverbal, appearance) and footing (similarity, responsiveness). Regarding the research agenda, it is noteworthy that some categories of behaviors show mixed results and some behaviors that are effective in human-to-human interactions have not yet been investigated in conversational agents.Practical implicationsBy identifying potentially effective communicative behaviors in conversational agents, this study assists managers in optimizing encounters between conversational agents and customers.Originality/valueThis is the first study that develops a taxonomy of communicative behaviors in conversational agents and uses it to identify avenues for future research.

In this review, we summarized and meta-analyzed 35 single-case intervention studies that involved the use of multiple schedules of reinforcement with 78 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Based on Tau-U calculations, multiple schedules of reinforcement produced an overall large effect for appropriate communicative behavior and an overall moderate effect for challenging behavior. To evaluate variability in study outcomes, we conducted moderator analyses across 21 variables using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test. Our findings suggest that the use of response prompts significantly moderated the effects of multiple schedules of reinforcement for appropriate communicative behaviors. We discuss these findings and provide implications for future research and practice.

In the tourism sector leaders need a clear, speedy, and practical style of communication to handle rapidly changing situations. This article investigates this perception in South Korea, a highly context-based society. The author deploys the systems model of leadership communication to explore how tourism employees perceive leaders’ communication styles and behaviors. Qualitative data were analyzed using concepts of cultural characteristics and a leadership communication model. The findings highlight that respondents draw upon cultural beliefs and prefer leaders who exercise communicative elusiveness, despite the merits of clear communication in tourism. This discussion illuminates that leadership communication is affected by cultural variations. The embeddedness of cultural values in leadership behaviors is demonstrated, with traits shaping perceptions of effective communication in different cultural contexts.

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of classroom practices of using communication tools, collaboration skills, digital skills, and software skills of teachers on the communication behaviors of students during mathematics instruction. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 466 mathematics teachers in Nepal. The primary statistical techniques applied in the data analysis were mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that the level of skill transformations of mathematics teachers in digital skills was found to be significantly low. Moreover, practices of using communication tools, collaborative skills of teachers, digital skills enhancement of teachers, and software skills enhancement of teachers were found to be significant predictors of the communication behavior of students. The results of this study suggested that teachers’ technological empowerment is essential for developing digitally competent teachers who can transform the traditional mathematics classrooms into an online mode that is more constructive, collaborative, engaging, and supportive to the learners in a flexible and joyful learning environment. The study contributes to providing the knowledge of digital instructional skills of mathematics teachers to the communication behavior of the students. Moreover, the study gives an insight into using multi-group SEM in studying teachers’ technological skills on students’ learning of soft skills, such as communication behavior.

This study analyzes the communicative behavior of politicians and the features of the Ukrainian-language political discourse implementation in the political space of Ukraine. This work studied about 8,000 microtexts taken from the political texts of Ukrainian politicians such as Poroshenko, Tymoshenko, Yanukovych, and Yushchenko for the period between 2004 and 2018. The selected microtexts were then analyzed using general scientific methods and structural semantics, linguo-communicative and discourse methods, and quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results demonstrated that in the Ukrainian-language political discourse, the binary opposition \"own^alien\" is employed for manipulative influence and various cognitive scenarios. On the basis of the communication features of each of the interviewed politicians, we managed to determine that Ukrainian politicians adhere to four types of communicative behavior: conflict (Tymoshenko), conflict-neutral (Yushchenko), conflict-cooperative (Poroshenko), and cooperative-conflict (Yanukovych). The study enabled determining the features of the Ukrainian-language political discourse and the political space of Ukraine and characterizing the tiers of the communicative behavior of politicians in modern Ukraine.

In the tourism sector leaders need a clear, speedy, and practical style of communication to handle rapidly changing situations. This article investigates this perception in South Korea, a highly contextbased society. The author deploys the systems model of leadership communication to explore how tourism employees perceive leaders' communication styles and behaviors. Qualitative data were analyzed using concepts of cultural characteristics and a leadership communication model. The findings highlight that respondents draw on cultural beliefs and prefer leaders who exercise communicative elusiveness, despite the merits of clear communication in tourism. This discussion illuminates that leadership communication is affected by cultural variations. The embeddedness of cultural values in leadership behaviors is demonstrated, with traits shaping perceptions of effective communication in different cultural contexts.

Using an online survey conducted in China (N = 1089), this study aims to understand the characteristics of active publics on the issue of genetically modified (GM) foods and provide effective communication strategies with active publics in China. In doing so, this study segments active publics regarding GM foods and predicts their communicative behaviors on GM foods by using the theoretical framework of situational theory of problem solving (STOPS). The results of the study revealed the demographic characteristics of active publics, situational, and media factors to predict information seeking, forefending, and forwarding about GM foods. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

The article is devoted to communicative representation of a gifted speech person. It provides linguistic analysis of communicative behavior of some characters from modern movies in English with the aim to reconstruct their profiles by distinguishing a set of communicative identifiers.The authors estimate specificity in connections between the identifiers, the detail and the stage context as the most important tools for assembling the image of the character in a movie. It is stated that the main criterion is the repeatability of the element.The nature of the repeated elements and their significance in the process of character's image construction are defined, their classifications are proposed. It has been established that the communicative identifiers of a gifted speech person could be set as verbal and non-verbal (material) elements.The verbal identifiers are ranked by the nature of relationship between the repeating elements and the movie character and distributed into motivated (directly indicating the dominant feature of the gifted speech person), and unmotivated (connected with the characteristics of the gifted speech person indirectly) types.Non-verbal (material) identifiers are divided into general (characterizing a gifted speech person in general) and specific (describing a certain character) types.The functions of verbal and non-verbal identifiers have been stated as accumulating (the repeating element points to the main feature of the person's image), and mnemonic (the repeating element creates associative links with the character).