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5,040 result(s) for "danos"
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Vietnamese law on sanctions for violations of delivery obligations causing damage to business profits of enterprises
O artigo estuda e esclarece a perda de lucros intencionalmente causada por empresas que violam a obrigação de entrega na relação contratual de compra e venda de bens. O objetivo dessa violação é se beneficiar das flutuações de preços no mercado. A pesquisa no artigo também determina o nível de perda de acordo com o valor de mercado e aplica as disposições da Lei Comercial do Vietnã sobre a compra e venda de bens e regulamentações relacionadas, sanções para empresas que causam intencionalmente perdas a empresas parceiras na forma de compensação integral por perdas, remediando as consequências The article studies and clarifies the loss of profits intentionally caused by enterprises violating the delivery obligation in the contract relationship of goods purchase and sale. The purpose of this violation is to benefit from price fluctuations in the market. The research in the article also determines the level of loss according to the market value and applies the provisions of the Commercial Law of Vietnam on the purchase and sale of goods and related regulations, sanctions for enterprises intentionally causing losses to partner enterprises in the form of full compensation for losses, remedying the consequences.  
Perda de valor real das indenizações por dano moral por abalo ao crédito em sentenças de primeiro grau no TJSP
Resumo O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa empírica sobre a oscilação das indenizações por danos morais ao longo do tempo em ações que discutem negativação ou protesto indevido. A pesquisa investigou se os valores das indenizações por danos morais nas sentenças dos últimos anos foram aumentados para acompanhar a inflação. Foi adotado o método quantitativo, com a coleta de sentenças de primeiro grau proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo (TJSP) entre 2014 e 2023. Utilizou-se mineração de texto (text mining) com Large Language Model (LLM) para identificar as sentenças que condenaram ao pagamento de indenização por danos morais e, em caso positivo, o valor da condenação. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de ferramentas estatísticas. A média das condenações em cada ano foi comparada à variação do Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA), do salário mínimo e do Índice Geral de Preços - Mercado (IGP-M). Os resultados demonstraram que a média das indenizações sofreu pouca variação, não acompanhando a inflação. Apresentou-se como hipótese explicativa a ausência de ajuste pela inflação sobre a âncora usada nas sentenças, que seriam os valores das indenizações adotados pelo mesmo juiz em casos anteriores. Concluiu-se que as indenizações, nas sentenças de primeiro grau do TJSP, vêm perdendo valor real, recomendando-se a adoção de algum mecanismo de ajuste periódico. Abstract This article presents an empirical study on the fluctuation of moral damage awards over time, in lawsuits concerning wrongful credit reporting or undue protest. The research investigated whether the amounts of moral damage awards in recent years’ rulings have increased to keep pace with inflation. It was used the quantitative method, with the collection of first-instance judgments issued by the São Paulo Court of Justice (TJSP) between 2014 and 2023. Text mining techniques with a Large Language Model (LLM) were used to identify the judgments that ruled in favor of awarding compensation for moral damages and, if so, the amount of the award. The data were analyzed using statistical tools. The judgments’ average in each year was compared to the variation of the IPCA (Brazil’s official inflation index, based on what families buy), the minimum wage (the lowest legal salary a worker can receive in Brazil, set by the government) and the IGP-M (Brazilian inflation index often used to adjust rents and contracts). The results demonstrated that the average of the compensations changed little, not keeping up with inflation. The lack of inflation adjustment on the anchor adopted in the sentences-which would be the values of compensations used by the same judge in previous cases-was presented as an explanatory hypothesis. It was concluded that the compensations of first-instance decisions at TJSP are losing real value, recommending the use of some mechanism of periodic adjustment. Resumen El artículo presenta una investigación empírica sobre la oscilación de las indemnizaciones por daños morales a lo largo del tiempo, en acciones que discuten inclusión indebida en registros de morosos o protesto indebido. La investigación analizó si los montos de las indemnizaciones por daños morales en las sentencias de los últimos años han aumentado para ajustarse a la inflación. Fue utilizado el método cuantitativo, con recolección de las sentencias de primer grado emitidas por el Tribunal de Justicia de São Paulo (TJSP) entre 2014 y 2023. Se utilizó minería de texto (text mining) con un Large Language Model (LLM) para identificar las sentencias que condenaron al pago de indemnización por daños morales y, caso afirmativo, el monto de la condena. Las respuestas fueron analizadas con herramientas estadísticas. El promedio de las condenas en cada año fue comparado con la variación del IPCA (índice oficial de inflación de Brasil, basado en el consumo de las familias), del salario mínimo (el salario legal más bajo que puede recibir un trabajador en Brasil, definido por el gobierno) y del IGP-M (índice de inflación de Brasil, usado para ajustar alquileres y contratos). Los resultados comprobaron que el promedio de las indemnizaciones poco cambió, no acompañando la inflación. Se presentó como hipótesis explicativa la falta de ajuste por inflación sobre el ancla adoptada en las sentencias, que sería los valores de las indemnizaciones utilizados por el mismo juez en casos anteriores. Se concluyó que las indemnizaciones en sentencias de primera instancia en el TJSP están perdiendo valor real, recomendándose la utilización de algún mecanismo de ajuste periódico.
Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review
This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species through two mechanisms. Redox active metals generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while metals without redox potential impair antioxidant defences, especially that of thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. Antioxidant defences include the enzyme system and low molecular weight antioxidants. Metal-binding proteins, such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin and metallothioneins, have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals. Recent studies of metallothioneins as biomarkers indicate that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of metallothionein genes can be appropriate in cases with elevated levels of metals and no evidence of oxidative damage in fish tissue. Components of the antioxidant defence are used as biochemical markers of oxidative stress. These markers may be manifested differently in the field than in results found in laboratory studies. A complex approach should be taken in field studies of metal contamination of the aquatic environment.
Data-driven predictive performance models for pandemic forecasting: systematic review protocol / Modelos de performance preditiva orientados por dados para previsão de pandemias: protocolo de revisão sistemática
Objetivo: analisar os modelos e as métricas de performance preditiva orientada por dados desenvolvidas, validadas ou implementadas para previsão de pandemias em populações humanas. Métodos: protocolo de revisão sistemática, fundamentado no Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A busca e seleção ocorrerão em sete base de dados. Serão incluídos estudos que apresentem modelos e métricas temporais capazes de prever pandemias. Dois revisores conduzirão o processo de elegibilidade. A qualidade metodológica será estimada pelo JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies. Ferramentas de gerenciamento e análise avançada de dados serão utilizados. Resultados: espera-se conhecer os modelos desenvolvidos e analisar suas métricas de desempenho como acurácia, sensibilidade e especificidade. Ainda, identificar padrões, tendências e lacunas que devem ser superadas. Considerações finais: as implicações podem abranger dimensões assistenciais, gerenciais, políticas, sociais e econômicas ao apoiar a tomada de decisão e subsidiar políticas públicas que geram respostas rápidas na previsão de emergências sanitárias.
Expression of Insl3 Protein in Adult Danio rerio
Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a biomarker for Leydig cells in the testes of vertebrates, and it is principally involved in spermatogenesis through specific binding with the RXFP2 receptor. This study reports the insl3 gene transcript and the Insl3 prepropeptide expression in both non-reproductive and reproductive tissues of Danio rerio. An immunohistochemistry analysis shows that the hormone is present at a low level in the Leydig cells and germ cells at all stages of Danio rerio testis differentiation. Considering that the insl3 gene is transcribed in Leydig cells, our results highlight an autocrine and paracrine function of this hormone in the Danio rerio testis, adding new information on the Insl3 mode of action in reproduction. We also show that Insl3 and Rxfp2 belonging to Danio rerio and other vertebrate species share most of the amino acid residues involved in the ligand–receptor interaction and activation, suggesting a conserved mechanism of action during vertebrate evolution.
Terbium-based dual-ligand metal organic framework by diffusion method for selective and sensitive detection of danofloxacin in aqueous medium
A water-dispersible Tb(III)-based metal organic framework (TBP) was produced by diffusion technique using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC) and pyridine as easily accessible ligands at low cost. The as-synthesized TBP with a crystalline structure and rod-shaped morphology has exhibited thermal stability up to 465 °C. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and terbium in the synthesized MOF. TBP was used as a fluorescent probe for detection of danofloxacin (DANO) in an aqueous medium with significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity as compared to various fluoroquinolone antibiotics (levofloxacin (LEVO), ofloxacin (OFLO), norfloxacin (NOR), and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO)) with a low detection limit of 0.45 ng/mL (1.25 nm). The developed method has successfully detected DANO rapidly (i.e., response time = 1 min) with remarkable recovery (97.66–101.96%) and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2.2%. Additionally, TBP showcased good reusability up to three cycles without any significant performance decline. The in-depth mechanistic studies of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and mode of action revealed that hydrogen bonding interactions and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) are the major factors for the turn-on enhancement behavior of TBP towards DANO. Thus, the present work provides the quick and precise identification of DANO using a new fluorescent MOF (TBP) synthesized via a unique and facile diffusion technique. Graphical Abstract
Evolution of the physical and physiological quality of soybean seeds during processing
Seed processing or conditioning is important for improving soybean seed lot quality as it improves the physical characteristics by eliminating inert materials, weed and non-standard seeds and increases physiological quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of processing on physical and physiological qualities of soybean seed, before and after each equipment and transport system, during processing in a Seed Processing Plant. Samples of six cultivars were obtained during processing while seeds passed through each machine, totaling fifteen sampling sites. The experimental design was entirely randomized, treatments arranged in 15 x 6 factorial scheme, with 10 replications. Characteristics evaluated were germination; vigor by accelerated aging test; tetrazolium test for viability (TZ 1 to 5), vigor (TZ 1 to 3), weathering damage (TZ 3), mechanical damages (TZ 2 to 8), stinkbug damages (TZ 2 to 8) and moisture content. Results showed that processing improves the physiological and physical qualities of soybean seeds and enhances average quality seeds. The equipment and the system of transport (lifts and conveyor belts) used in this study did not cause mechanical damages to the seeds; the mechanical damages were mostly detected in larger seeds and stinkbug damages were found in smaller seeds; and seeds with weathering damage were neither eliminated nor reduced by any processing line. Resumo: O beneficiamento de sementes tem uma importância fundamental na melhoria da qualidade de lotes de sementes de soja, podendo melhorar as caracacterísticas físicas pela eliminação de materiais inertes, sementes de plantas daninhas e sementes fora de padrão e permitindo incremento na qualidade fisiológica. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a evolução das características físicas e fisiológicas das sementes de soja ao longo da linha de beneficiamento, sendo avaliadas seis cultivares em quinze pontos de amostragem. Delineou-se em DIC, em fatorial 15 x 6 e 10 repetições. Avaliou-se germinação; vigor no envelhecimento acelerado; viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio (TZ classes 1 a 5); vigor (TZ classes 1 a 3); deterioração por umidade (TZ classe 3); danos mecânicos totais (TZ classes 2 a 8); danos por percevejos (TZ classes 2 a 8); e grau de umidade. Concluiu-se que o beneficiamento melhora as qualidades física e fisiológica das sementes, sendo a eficiência acentuada nas sementes de qualidade mediana. O sistema de transporte (elevadores e correias transportadoras) não promoveu danos mecânicos às sementes. As sementes maiores tendem a ser mais afetadas pelos danos mecânicos, e menores apresentam mais danos por percevejos. As sementes deterioradas por umidade não são eliminadas em nenhuma etapa do beneficiamento.
Redução de danos e vínculos com usuários de drogas: a escuta do olhar de um palhaço
The present work is the result of a dissertation carried out in the Graduate Program in Psychology at the Federal University of Uberlândia. The study aimed to raise insights on the experiences of the researcher as he played the role of a clown/damage reducer while taking part in the Street Office team. The effort integrated the Public Health Network of a city in the countryside of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The method consisted of mapping the possible therapeutic effects of this way of working with homeless people: on the street, stimulating bonds through daily basis encounters lived in the territory. The effects of this investigative and interventional experience led us to recognize the importance of respect toward drug users and the uniqueness of each occupied territory; from the open-hearted welcoming to individuals to the construction of bonds in order to set the conditions for the collective problematization of the drug use issue. Such actions were based on knowledge, practices, and achievements of the anti-asylum struggle, contextualized by conflicts between the institutionalized war on drugs, as well as treatments based on total abstinence. In contrast, harm reduction presents an insight on the right for freedom and flexible regulations on drug use, which may expand therapeutic possibilities. Este trabalho resulta de dissertação realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia que objetivou refletir sobre as vivências do pesquisador desempenhando o papel de palhaço/redutor de danos e integrando a equipe de Consultório na Rua da rede pública de saúde de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, o método consistiu em cartografar os possíveis efeitos terapêuticos desse modo de atuar junto as pessoas em situação de rua na criação de vínculos através de um diário de campo dos encontros vividos no território. Os efeitos desta experiência investigativa e interventiva nos levaram ao reconhecimento da importância do respeito aos usuários e à singularidade dos territórios ocupados; do acolhimento incondicional ao outro para a construção de bons vínculos que criaram as condições de possibilidade para que se pudesse problematizar coletivamente a questão das drogas tendo como referência os saberes, práticas e conquistas da luta antimanicomial, no contexto de embate entre a instituída guerra às drogas e tratamento pela abstinência total de um lado, e de outro, a redução de danos e a defesa da liberdade e da regulamentação do uso de drogas, que poderão ampliar as possibilidades terapêuticas da clínica. El presente trabajo resulta de una tesis realizada en el Programa de Posgrado en Psicología de la Universidad Federal de Uberlândia. Esa tesis obtuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre las vivencias del investigador que realiza el papel de payaso/reductor de daños e integra el equipo del Consultório na Rua de la red pública de salud de una ciudad del interior de Minas Gerais. Para alcanzar eso, el método consistió en cartografiar los posibles efectos terapéuticos de esa práctica de actuar junto a las personas en situación de calle, creando, para eso, vínculos a través de registros en un diario de campo de los encuentros vividos en el territorio. En función de lo planteado, los efectos de esta experiencia investigativa e interventora nos llevaron al reconocimiento de la importancia del respecto a los usuarios de drogas y a la singularidad de los territorios ocupados, así como también la importancia del acogimiento incondicional al otro para la construcción de buenos vínculos. Creando, de esa manera, las condiciones de posibilidad para que se pudiera problematizar colectivamente la cuestión de las drogas teniendo como referencia los saberes, prácticas y conquistas de la lucha antimanicomial, en el contexto de la oposición generada sobre ese tema, en que una parte defiende la instituida guerra a las drogas y el tratamiento por la abstinencia total, y, la otra parte, actúa en la reducción de daños, en la defensa de la libertad y de la reglamentación del uso de drogas que podrán, esos últimos, aumentar las posibilidades terapéuticas en la clínica.
EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED BUILDING DETECTION BASED ON OBJECT-LEVEL TEXTURE FEATURE CHANGE DETECTION OF MULTI-TEMPORAL SAR IMAGES
The damage of buildings is the major cause of casualties of from earthquakes. The traditional pixel-based earthquake damaged building detection method is prone to be affected by speckle noise. In this paper, an object-based change detection method is presented for the detection of earthquake damage using the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The method is based on object-level texture features of SAR data. Firstly, the principal component analysis is used to transform the optimal texture features into a suitable feature space for extracting the key change. And then, the feature space is clustered by the watershed segmentation algorithm, which introduces the concept of object orientation and carries out the calculation of the difference map at the object level. Having training samples, the classification threshold values for different grade of earthquake damage can be trained, and the detection of damaged building is achieved. The proposed method could visualize the earthquake damage efficiently using the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-1 (ALOS-1) images. Its performance is evaluated in the town of jiegu, which was hit severely by the Yushu Earthquake. The cross-validation results shows that the overall accuracy is significantly higher than TDCD and IDCD.