Journal Article

Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review

Modra, H.,Veterinarni a Farmaceuticka Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Fakulta Veterinarni Hygieny a Ekologie, Sevcikova, M.,Veterinarni a Farmaceuticka Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Fakulta Veterinarni Hygieny a Ekologie, Slaninova, A.,Veterinarni a Farmaceuticka Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Fakulta Veterinarni Hygieny a Ekologie, Svobodova, Z.,Veterinarni a Farmaceuticka Univ., Brno (Czech Republic). Fakulta Veterinarni Hygieny a Ekologie

2011

Overview

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species through two mechanisms. Redox active metals generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while metals without redox potential impair antioxidant defences, especially that of thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. Antioxidant defences include the enzyme system and low molecular weight antioxidants. Metal-binding proteins, such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin and metallothioneins, have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals. Recent studies of metallothioneins as biomarkers indicate that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of metallothionein genes can be appropriate in cases with elevated levels of metals and no evidence of oxidative damage in fish tissue. Components of the antioxidant defence are used as biochemical markers of oxidative stress. These markers may be manifested differently in the field than in results found in laboratory studies. A complex approach should be taken in field studies of metal contamination of the aquatic environment.

• Publisher: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS),Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
• Subject: Animal tissues / antioxidant activity / antioxidant defence / ANTIOXIDANTES / ANTIOXIDANTS / ANTIOXYDANT / Aquatic environment / Aquatic organisms / ARN MENSAJERO / ARN MESSAGER / ARSENIC / ARSENICO / Biochemical markers / Biomarkers / CADMIO / CADMIUM / Ceruloplasmin / CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION / CHROME / CHROMIUM / COBRE / CONTAMINACION QUIMICA / CONTAMINANTES / Contamination / CONTAMINATION CHIMIQUE / COPPER / CROMO / CUIVRE / DAMAGE / DANOS / DEFENCE MECHANISMS / DEGAT / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DESINTOXICACION / DETOXIFICATION / DNA / DNA damage / enzyme inactivation / ENZYME INHIBITORS / Enzymes / ESTRES / FER / FERRITIN / FERRITINE / FERROXIDASA / FERROXIDASE / FERROXYDASE / Fish / FOOD SAFETY / FREE RADICALS / FRESHWATER FISHES / GENE / Gene expression / GENES / GENETIC MARKERS / GLUTACION / GLUTATHION / GLUTATHIONE / HEAVY METALS / HIERRO / Homeostasis / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_0 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_11184 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1178 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1595 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_1868 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2223 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24030 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24091 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_24946 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_2599 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_26768 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_29502 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3105 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3214 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_33488 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_34043 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_37715 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_3950 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4235 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4751 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4765 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_4773 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_511 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_5472 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6076 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_629 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6482 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6765 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_6953 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_7452 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_7825 / http://www.fao.org/aos/agrovoc#c_8321 / Inactivation / INHIBIDORES DE ENZIMAS / INHIBITEUR D'ENZYME / INNOCUITE DES PRODUITS ALIMENTAIRES / INOCUIDAD ALIMENTARIA / IRON / LEAD / LIPID PEROXIDATION / Lipids / Low molecular weights / MARCADORES GENETICOS / MARQUEUR GENETIQUE / MECANISME DE DEFENSE / MECANISMOS DE DEFENSA / MERCURE / MERCURIO / MERCURY / MESSENGER RNA / Metabolism / METAL LOURD / METALES PESADOS / METALLOPROTEINE / METALLOPROTEINS / Metallothionein / Metallothioneins / METALPROTEINAS / Metals / Molecular weight / OXIDACION / OXIDATION / Oxidative stress / OXYDATION / Oxygen / PECES DE AGUA DULCE / PECES MARINOS / PEROXIDACION LIPIDICA / Peroxidation / PEROXYDATION DES LIPIDES / PLOMB / PLOMO / POISSON D'EAU DOUCE / POISSON DE MER / POLLUANT / POLLUTANTS / POLLUTION DE L'EAU / POLUCION DEL AGUA / POTENCIAL REDOX / POTENTIEL REDOX / Proteins / quantitative analysis / RADICAL LIBRE / RADICALES LIBRES / Reactive oxygen species / REDOX POTENTIAL / Redox properties / ros / SALTWATER FISHES / SELENIO / SELENIUM / STRESS / SUBSTANCE TOXIQUE / SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE / SUPEROXIDO DISMUTASA / SUPEROXYDE DISMUTASE / SUSTANCIAS TOXICAS / THIONEINE / THIONEINS / TIONEINA / TOXIC SUBSTANCES / toxicity / WATER POLLUTION