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El descubrimiento casual del sarcófago antropomorfo sidonio en 1887 despertó una gran expectación tanto entre la población y las autoridades gaditanas como en los especialistas contemporáneos, hasta el punto de que fueron muchos los investigadores que se interesaron por su estudio, así como por el del esqueleto hallado en su interior, aunque nunca se dudó que correspondiera a un varón como presagiaba la representación esculpida en su tapa. Nuestro objetivo con este trabajo es demostrar, por una parte, que la exhibición del esqueleto y los continuos traslados de la pieza provocaron el deterioro irremediable de los restos –del que dan cuenta los estudiosos del momento– y la sustitución de los huesos originales por otros. En segundo lugar, intentaremos determinar el sexo del individuo inhumado mediante el análisis de las fotografías tomadas durante la apertura del féretro y de los primeros estudios antropológicos llevados a cabo en los años inmediatamente posteriores a su hallazgo, antes del reemplazo del esqueleto. A pesar de las dificultades, creemos que contamos con datos suficientes para proponer que, frente a la idea generalizada, los restos originales podrían corresponder a un individuo de sexo femenino.

Gurnards are a valuable by-catch of mixed demersal fisheries and are commercially important in European waters, but they are often discarded, reported under “mixed gurnards” and with incomplete biological information by species. In the present work, a total of 558 piper gurnard specimens of between 10.9 and 44.4 cm (1 to 11 years) and 425 red gurnard specimens of between 10.2 and 42.1 cm (0 to 9 years) from the northeast Atlantic (Portuguese) coast were used to study age and growth. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for piper gurnard were estimated through the combination of whole-otolith readings and back-calculation (L∞=44.7 cm, k=0.16 yr–1 and t0=–2.781 yr). For red gurnard the same growth parameters were estimated using whole-otolith readings (L∞=40.2 cm, k=0.28 yr–1 and t0=–1.074 yr). The results indicate that the red gurnard reaches a smaller length, although it grows faster than the piper gurnard. Natural, instantaneous and fishing mortalities were estimated as well as the exploitation rate for both species. For the Portuguese coast, the red gurnard showed a higher fishing mortality and exploitation rate than the piper gurnard, raising concerns about its sustainable management.

Objective: To determine the most effective dental age estimation method, Demirjian y Ubelaker, for estimating the chronological age in patients from 4 to 13 years of the National Institute of Child Health-Lima Peru. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional design with a sample consisting of 465 panoramic radiographs, 229 of male (49.2%) and 236 of female (50.8%). The estimated age was made using the protocol established in each method. The chronological age was established through the difference between the date of radiographic capture and the date of birth. The precision and accuracy of each method was established. The inferential analysis was performed with a level of significance of 5% through the Spearman correlation tests, Wilcoxon test. Results: It was proved that the Ubelaker method had 270 erroneous or mismatched cases and 195 coincidences while the Demirjian method had 360 erroneous cases and 105 coincidences between the estimated chronological age and dental age, finding significant differences in the estimation in each of the methods p=0.001 and p <0.001 respectively. The accuracy obtained with Ubelaker was 0,112 and with Demirjian 1,039. Objetivo: Determinar el método de estimación de la edad dental más eficaz, Demirjian y Ubelaker, para estimar la edad cronológica en pacientes de 4 a 13 años del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño-Lima Perú. Materiales y métodos: Diseño transversal con una muestra conformada por 465 radiografías panorámicas, 229 de personas de sexo masculino (49.2%) y 236 de femenino (50.8%). La estimación de la edad se realizó mediante el protocolo establecido en cada método. La edad cronológica se estableció a través de la diferencia entre la fecha de toma radiográfica con la fecha de nacimiento. Se estableció la precisión y exactitud de cada método. El análisis inferencial se realizó con un nivel de significancia del 5% a través de las pruebas de correlación de Spearman, test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se comprobó que el método Ubelaker tuvo 270 casos errados o no coincidentes y 195 coincidencias mientas que el método Demirjian tuvo 360 casos errados y 105 coincidencias entre la edad cronológica estimada y la edad dental encontrándose diferencias significativas en la estimación en cada uno de los métodos p=0,001 y p<0,001 respectivamente. La exactitud obtenida con Ubelaker fue 0,112 y con Demirjian 1,039. Conclusión: El método Ubelaker es más eficaz con una exactitud mayor en comparación a Demirjian.

Introduction: dental age (DA) is used in clinical disciplines to assess whether an individual is advanced or delayed in his or her dental development, or to determine the age of living or deceased subjects with no valid identification documents; it is also useful in forensic practice. Objective: to study the applicability of the methods of Demirjian et al (revised, 1976) and Chaillet et al in estimating DA in a sample of Venezuelan children and adolescents. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective field study in 516 panoramic X-rays of patients of both sexes with chronological ages ranging from 6 to 18 years. Dental development was assessed in the seven lower left teeth using the maturation stages proposed in the method of Demirjian et al, while DA calculation was carried out according to the reference tables provided by each method. Descriptive statistics were obtained, as well as mean differences between chronological age (CA) and DA estimated by a Student’s test. Results: there was age overestimation with Demirjian’s method up to the age of 15 years, as well as age underestimation with Chaillet’s method. Considering the total sample, both methods underestimated age (Demirjian 0.20 ± 1.46; Chaillet 0.34 ± 1.39), and the difference between CA and DA was significant (Demirjian p = 0.0002; Chaillet p = 0.000). Conclusions: both methods can be used in the sample studied, considering that DA should be assessed in conjunction with other indicators of maturation to evaluate the development of an individual.

Introduction: global mobilization has created new needs. From sporting events to criminal matters, determining the chronological age of individuals is being used by forensic surgeons worldwide. The objective of the present study was to analyze the forensic methods to estimate the age of individuals, including the advantages and limitations of these methods. Method: a search was conducted in the Sistema de Bibliotecas de la Universidad Mayor (SIBUM): Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, ClinicalKey, and Science Direct Freedom Collection, selecting papers published from 1980 to 2014. A manual search was also conducted, including specific journals and texts in this field, with no limitation as to the year of publication. The inclusion criteria were research projects aimed at determining the chronological age of individuals through forensic analysis of oral tissues. All published texts in a language other than English were excluded. In total, 70 publications were analyzed. Technological advances have paved the way for the study of new parameters; however, the original ones identified by Gustafson in 1950 are still studied. Conclusions: most studied methods are invasive in some degree. In addition, none of these techniques is accurate in its own; therefore, the combination of different measurement techniques is recommended, opening a field of research on techniques that are less invasive and can be a complement to the existing ones. Finally, the available information lead to conclude that research on populations of African and Asian descent is lacking, which is a current challenge because of globalization, migration, and the heterogeneity of current populations.

The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1-5 years for males and 1-6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female. The model was obtained as FLt = 406 x {1 - exp[-0.372 x (t + 1.68)]}.

:  This study examined age and growth of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus off the Pacific coast of northern Japan, and determined whether the growth patterns of male and female fish in northern (40–41°N) and southern (37–38°15′N) waters differ. In total 8095 specimens were collected between January 1999 and December 2005. Zonation consisting of opaque and translucent bands on the otolith was evident. Within each opaque band a thin and clear check (ring mark) was observed in all specimens examined. Monthly change in the frequency of appearance of a ring mark on the outer margin of the otolith indicates that ring marks form between July and August. The von Bertalanffy growth model showed a sexual dimorphism in growth, as females grew faster and reached a larger size than males. The growth patterns obtained by tracking the observed total length for monthly collections showed a rapid increase in total length between August and October. Spatial variation in the growth pattern of male and female fish between northern and southern waters was evident, as southern fish were significantly larger than northern counterparts during 1.25–3.00 years post hatch.

To find an appropriate method for age determination in the marbled sole Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae in Tokyo Bay, Japan, sagittal otoliths of 1,343 individuals were observed by surface-reading and cross-section methods and the results were compared. Opaque zones occurred once a year and were regarded as annuli in both methods. The surface-reading method sometimes provided a lower count of the number of annuli than the cross-section method, and the frequency of this discrepancy was highest in older fish (males above 5 years, females above 4 years). The oldest female fish was estimated to be age 10 years by the cross-section method but 8 years by the surface-reading method. The cross-section method could provide a more accurate estimate of age and is therefore likely to be indispensable to estimations of longevity. In contrast, the surface-reading method is superior in terms of cost and time efficiency but is likely to underestimate the ages of older fish. However, growth equations based on age estimated by the surface-reading method were sufficiently accurate if males =5 years and females =4 years were combined as specific, single age groups of 5+ and 4+, respectively.

Diameter, height, crown shape and crown area were measured on 23-42 trees ranging in size from saplings to large adults for each of eight common dicotyledonous tree species in a neotropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Age, growth and sexual maturity of the fan ray Platyrhina sinensis in Ariake Bay, Japan were determined from specimens collected from May 2002 to September 2006. Age determination was conducted by vertebral centrum analysis using soft X-radiography. Annual band pair deposition was determined by marginal increment and edge analyses. The von Bertalanffy growth model best described the overall pattern of growth for both males and females (males L ∞ =455.2, k =0.56, t 0 =−1.09; females L ∞ =555.8, k =0.28, t 0 =−1.77; L ∞ is the theoretical asymptotic total length in mm, k is the growth rate coefficient and t 0 is the theoretical time at zero length). Parameter estimates suggest that females attain a larger asymptotic total length and grow more slowly than males. The observed maximum ages were 5 years for males and 12 years for females. Age at 50% sexual maturity was 2.1 years for males and 2.9 years for females. The results indicate that this species is relatively fast-growing, short-lived and early maturing compared with many batoid species.